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Phenotypic variation seems not to be associated with the genetic profile in Zygopetalum (Orchidaceae): a case study of a high-elevation rocky complex

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Abstract

Background

Hybridization associated with polyploidy studies is rare in the tropics. The genus Zygopetalum (Orchidaceae) was investigated here as a case study of Neotropical plants. In the rocky highlands of the Ibitipoca State Park (ISP), southeast Brazil, individuals with intermediate colors and forms between the species Z. maculatum and Z. triste were commonly identified.

Methods and results

Chromosomal analysis and DNA quantity showed a uniform population. Regardless of the aspects related to the color and shape of floral structures, all individuals showed 2n = 96 chromosomes and an average of 14.05 pg of DNA. Irregularities in meiosis associated with chromosome number and C value suggest the occurrence of polyploidy. The genetic distance estimated using ISSR molecular markers revealed the existence of genetic variability not related to morphological clusters. Morphometric measurements of the flower pieces revealed that Z. maculatum shows higher variation than Z. triste although lacking a defined circumscription.

Conclusion

The observed variation can be explained by the polyploid and phenotypic plasticity resulting from the interaction of the genotypes with the heterogeneous environments observed in this habitat.

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Data availability

Datasets generated during this research are available through the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank Instituto Estadual de Florestas (IEF) for making the collection of the samples possible.

Funding

This work was financially supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais-Fapemig (APQ-02096-14, APQ-02348-21,), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Capes and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-CNPq (314.443/2021-5).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biology Department/Genetic and Biotechnology Lab, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil

    Shaiany Sabrina Lopes Gomes, Juliana Mainenti Leal Lopes, Elyabe Monteiro de Matos, Elisa Guimarães Cabral, José Marcello Salabert de Campos & Lyderson Facio Viccini

  2. Embrapa – Dairy Cattle Research Center, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36038-330, Brazil

    Ana Luisa Sousa Azevedo & Marco Antonio Machado

  3. Botany Department, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil

    Luiz Menini Neto

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  1. Shaiany Sabrina Lopes Gomes
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Contributions

SSLG, LMN, and LFV designed the research; SSLG, JMLL, EMM, and EGC performed the research with the support of ALSA, MAM, JMSC, LMN, and LFV. SSLG, JMLL, EMM, ALSA, MAM, JMSC, LMN, and LFV analyzed the data; SSLG, JMLL, EMM, and LFV wrote the article with input from all the other authors.

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Correspondence to Lyderson Facio Viccini.

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Gomes, S.S.L., Lopes, J.M.L., de Matos, E.M. et al. Phenotypic variation seems not to be associated with the genetic profile in Zygopetalum (Orchidaceae): a case study of a high-elevation rocky complex. Mol Biol Rep 51, 582 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-024-09528-z

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