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Editing the genome of common cereals (Rice and Wheat): techniques, applications, and industrial aspects

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Abstract

Gene editing techniques have made a significant contribution to the development of better crops. Gene editing enables precise changes in the genome of crops, which can introduce new possibilities for altering the crops’ traits. Since the last three decades, various gene editing techniques such as meganucleases, zinc finger nuclease (ZFN), transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN), and clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas (CRISPR-associated proteins) have been discovered. In this review, we discuss various gene editing techniques and their applications to common cereals. Further, we elucidate the future of gene-edited crops, their regulatory features, and industrial aspects globally. To achieve this, we perform a comprehensive literature survey using databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Google Scholar etc. For the literature search, we used keywords such as gene editing, crop genome modification, CRISPR/Cas, ZFN, TALEN, meganucleases etc. With the advent of the CRISPR/Cas technology in the last decade, the future of gene editing has transitioned into a new dimension. The functionality of CRISPR/Cas in both DNA and RNA has increased through the use of various Cas enzymes and their orthologs. Constant research efforts in this direction have improved the gene editing process for crops by minimizing its off-target effects. Scientists also use computational tools, which help them to design experiments and analyze the results of gene editing experiments in advance. Gene editing has diverse potential applications. In the future, gene editing will open new avenues for solving more agricultural issues and boosting crop production, which may have great industrial prospects.

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Acknowledgements

This study did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. We are grateful to Dr. Ritendra Mishra for language editing and proofreading of the revised manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Brahmananda Keshab Chandra College, 700108, Bon-Hooghly, Kolkata, India

    Niharika Das & Priyanka Dhar

  2. Social Welfare Organization, Kataganj Spandan, 741250, Kalyani, India

    Debasmita Ghosh Dhar

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  1. Niharika Das
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ND prepared the manuscript draft, tables, and figures; DGD performed the critical review, copy editing and proofreading; PD conceived and designed the study and performed literature survey and final review of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Priyanka Dhar.

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Das, N., Ghosh Dhar, D. & Dhar, P. Editing the genome of common cereals (Rice and Wheat): techniques, applications, and industrial aspects. Mol Biol Rep 50, 739–747 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-022-07664-y

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