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The complete mitochondrial genome of the butterfly Apatura metis (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

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Abstract

As an important pest in the Slender Leaved Willow (Salix alba), Apatura metis is called Freyer’s purple emperor, and its mitochondrial genome is 15,236 bp long. The encoded genes for 22 tRNA genes, two ribosomal RNA (rrnL and rrnS) genes, and 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), and a control region in the A. metis mitochondria are highly homologous to other lepidopteran species. The mitochondrial genome of A. metis is biased toward a high A + T content (A + T = 80.5%). All protein-coding genes, except for COI begins with the CGA codon as observed in other lepidopterans, start with a typical ATN initiation codon. All tRNAs show the classic clover-leaf structure, except that the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm of tRNA Ser(AGN) forms a simple loop. The A. metis A + T-rich region contains some conserved structures including a structure combining the motif ‘ATAGA’ and 19 bp poly (T) stretch, which is similar to those found in other lepidopteran mitogenomes. The phylogenetic analyses of lepidopterans based on mitogenomes sequences demonstrate that each of the six superfamilies is monophyletic, and the relationship among them is (((Noctuoidea + (Geometroidea + Bombycoidea)) + Pyraloidea) + Papilionoidea) + Tortricoidea. In Papilionoidea group, our conclusion argues that ((Lycaenidae + Pieridae) + Nymphalidae) + Papilionidae.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31000974, 40871034, and 30925004), the Youth Science Foundation of Shanxi Province, China (2010021029-3), and the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (20090450652). We are grateful to Dr. Li Hu from China Agricultural University for his kind helps.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People’s Republic of China

    Min Zhang, Xinping Nie, Tao Li & Enbo Ma

  2. School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China

    Min Zhang

  3. Institute of Plant Protection, Shanxi Academy of Agriculture Science Research Institute of Applied Biology, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030031, People’s Republic of China

    Tianwen Cao & Juping Wang

  4. School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People’s Republic of China

    Yaping Guo

  5. Institute of Biodiversity Science and Geobiology, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, People’s Republic of China

    Yang Zhong

  6. Department of Immunology, Bethune Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China

    Xiaonan Zhang

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  1. Min Zhang
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  2. Xinping Nie
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  3. Tianwen Cao
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  7. Yaping Guo
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Correspondence to Tianwen Cao or Yang Zhong.

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Zhang, M., Nie, X., Cao, T. et al. The complete mitochondrial genome of the butterfly Apatura metis (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Mol Biol Rep 39, 6529–6536 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-012-1481-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-012-1481-7

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