Abstract
The accurate measurement of the time spent by academics on research and development activities is of great importance to universities and government. This essay outlines the ways in which different countries estimate these factors, and suggests ways of producing more reliable estimates.
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Acknowledgements
The author wishes to thank three anonymous Minerva referees and the Editor for comments and suggestions. For country information, he is indebted to Martin Schaaper, John Dryden, and Sharon Standish of the OECD, John Jankowski of the NSF (USA); Helena Connellan of FORFAS (Ireland); Tomohiro Ijichi of NISTEP (Japan); Efthimis Sakellariou of the Ministry of Development (Greece); Kirsten Wille Maus and Susanne Lehmann Sundnes of NIFU–STEP (Norway); and Hamalainen Vesa of Statistics Finland.
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Pouris, A. Estimating R&D Expenditures In The Higher Education Sector. Minerva 45, 3–16 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11024-006-9018-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11024-006-9018-7