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Differential disruption on glucose and insulin metabolism in two rat models of diet-induced obesity, based on carbohydrates or lipids

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Abstract

Obesity is a relevant health public issue and is the main factor for glucose metabolism dysregulation and diabetes progression; however, the differential role of a high-fat diet or high sugar diet consumption on glucose metabolism and insulin processing is not well understood and has been scarcely described. Our research aimed to analyze the effects of chronic consumption of both high sucrose and high-fat diets on glucose and insulin metabolism regulation. Wistar rats were fed with high-sugar or high-fat diets for 12 months; after that, fasting glucose and insulin levels were measured along with a glucose tolerance test (GTT). Proteins related to insulin synthesis and secretion were quantified in pancreas homogenates, whereas islets were isolated to analyze ROS generation and size measurement. Our results show that both diets induce metabolic syndrome, linked with central obesity, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance. We observed alterations in the expression of proteins related with insulin synthesis and secretion, along with diminution of Langerhans islets size. Interestingly, the severity and number of alterations were more evident in the high-sugar diet than in the high-fat diet group. In conclusion, obesity and glucose metabolism dysregulation induced by carbohydrate consumption, led to worst outcomes than high-fat diet.

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Data availability

The datasets used and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

Authors want to thank Xadeni Burgos Gamez and Dr. Cristina Fernández-Mejía for their technical support for isolation of islets.

Funding

Márquez Álvarez CM was supported by a fellowship from “Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, México” (CONACYT) as part of “Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, DACS-UJAT”, CVU# 909241. This research did not receive any specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sector.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory for Research in Metabolic and Infectious Diseases, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Comalcalco, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Ranchería Sur, Cuarta Sección, C.P., 86650, Comalcalco, Tabasco, México

    Corazón de María Márquez Álvarez, Nancy Patricia Gómez-Crisóstomo, Erick Natividad De la Cruz-Hernández, Carlos Francisco Aguilar-Gamas & Eduardo Martínez-Abundis

  2. Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, I. Ch. 14080, CDMX, México

    Cecilia Zazueta

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  1. Corazón de María Márquez Álvarez
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  2. Nancy Patricia Gómez-Crisóstomo
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  3. Erick Natividad De la Cruz-Hernández
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  5. Carlos Francisco Aguilar-Gamas
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  6. Eduardo Martínez-Abundis
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Contributions

CMMA, NPG-C, ENDC-H and EM-A: contributed to the conception and design of the work. CMMA, NPG-C, CFA-G and EM-A: participate in perform the experiments, the acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of data. CZ and EM-A: were a major contributors in writing the manuscript, drafted the work and revised it. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eduardo Martínez-Abundis.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

Ethical approval

Rats were purchased from the Production, Care and Animal Experimentation Unit (UPCEA), Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco. Experiments were designed following the Mexican regulations for use and research in animals (NOM-062-ZOO-1999) and the “Three R’s”: replacement, reduction, and refinement in research with animals; additionally, the protocol was subjected to approbation by the Institutional Committee for Ethics in Research (Protocol #0423).

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de María Márquez Álvarez, C., Gómez-Crisóstomo, N.P., De la Cruz-Hernández, E.N. et al. Differential disruption on glucose and insulin metabolism in two rat models of diet-induced obesity, based on carbohydrates or lipids. Mol Cell Biochem 478, 2481–2488 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-023-04677-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-023-04677-4

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