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High-conductivity nanomaterials for enhancing thermal performance of latent heat thermal energy storage systems

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Abstract

Dispersing high-conductivity nanomaterials into phase change materials (PCM) of latent heat thermal energy storage systems (LHTESS) is expected to solve the problem of poor thermal conductivity of PCMs. Accordingly, several metals, metal oxides and non-metals are employed as nanoadditives for PCMs by researchers. Besides thermal conductivity of PCMs, the other thermo-physical properties are also altered by nanoadditives. This paper provides comprehensive information on the effects of nanoadditives on the thermo-physical properties of PCMs through a critical review of related published works. The modified properties ultimately determine the charging and discharging rates of LHTESS. The extent of improvement in the thermal performance and the related issues are addressed. Further, the theoretical/empirical models developed so far for the evaluation of thermo-physical properties are deliberated.

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Abbreviations

A, B, C, D :

Constants in Eq. (14)

B k :

Constant for considering the Kapitza resistance per unit area

B 2x :

Epolarization factor component along the x-symmetrical axis

Bi :

Nanoparticle Biot number

C′:

Constant in Eq. (15)

C 1 :

Proportional constant

C :

Specific heat (J kg−1 K−1)

D o :

Diffusion coefficient

K B :

Boltzmann constant (1.381 × 10−23 J K−1)

k :

Thermal conductivity (W m−1 K−1)

k cx :

Thermal conductivity of complex nanoparticles along x direction (W m−1 K−1)

k cx :

Thermal conductivity of complex nanoparticles along y direction (W m−1 K−1)

k l :

Thermal conductivity of nanolayer (W m−1 K−1)

L :

Latent heat (J kg−1)

l f :

Liquid mean free path

M :

Molecular mass

m :

Factor in viscosity model of Hosseini et al. [1]

N :

Avogadro number

n :

Shape function

Pr :

Prandtl number

R b :

Interfacial thermal resistance

Re B :

Brownian–Reynolds number

Re rp :

Reynolds number based on particle radius

r c :

Cluster radius (m)

r f :

Equivalent radius of a base fluid molecule (m)

r p :

Radius of the particles (m)

T :

Temperature (°C or K)

t cl :

Thickness of capping layer (m)

t v :

Thickness of the void (m)

V :

Velocity (m s−1)

X, Y :

Constants in Eq. (13)

α :

Volume fraction of base fluid moving with a particle due to Brownian motion, empirical constant in viscosity model of Hosseini et al. [1]

β :

Ratio of the nanolayer thickness to the particle radius, empirical constant in viscosity model of Hosseini et al. [1]

γ :

Ratio of the thermal conductivity of nanolayer to that of particles, empirical constant in viscosity model of Hosseini et al. [1]

ρ :

Density (kg m−3)

µ :

Viscosity (m2 s−1)

η :

Intrinsic viscosity

φ :

Volume fraction of nanoparticles

φ T :

Total volume fraction of complex nanoparticles

ψ :

Sphericity

τ :

Particle relaxation time (s)

eff:

Effective

f:

Base fluid

l:

Nanolayer

max:

Maximum

nf:

Nanofluid

p:

Particle

ref:

Reference

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research and Development, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode (Dt), 638 401, India

    Selvaraj Jegadheeswaran

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode (Dt), 638 401, India

    Athimoolam Sundaramahalingam

  3. Symbiosis Center for Research and Innovation, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Lavale, Pune, 41211, India

    Sanjay D. Pohekar

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  1. Selvaraj Jegadheeswaran
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Jegadheeswaran, S., Sundaramahalingam, A. & Pohekar, S.D. High-conductivity nanomaterials for enhancing thermal performance of latent heat thermal energy storage systems. J Therm Anal Calorim 138, 1137–1166 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-019-08297-3

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