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Entropy generation of turbulent Cu–water nanofluid flow in a heat exchanger tube fitted with perforated conical rings

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Abstract

Entropy generation analysis for the Cu–water nanofluid flow through a heat exchanger tube equipped with perforated conical rings is numerically investigated. Frictional and thermal entropy generation rates are defined as functions of velocity and temperature gradients. Governing equations are solved by using finite volume method, and Reynolds number is in the range of 5000–15,000. The effects of geometrical and physical parameters such as Reynolds number, number of holes and nanoparticles volume fraction on the thermal and viscous entropy generation rates and Bejan number are investigated. The results indicate that the thermal irreversibility is dominant in most part of the tube. But it decreases with increasing the nanoparticle volume fraction. Frictional entropy generation reduces with increasing the number of holes from 4 to 10. This is because of stronger velocity gradient near the perforated holes. Bejan number decreases with augment of Reynolds number.

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Abbreviations

A :

Surface area (m2)

Be :

Bejan number

C p :

Specific heat (J kg−1 K−1)

d :

Hole diameter (m)

D :

Tube diameter (m)

d p :

Nanoparticle diameter (m)

f :

Friction factor

h :

Heat transfer coefficient (Wm−2 K−1)

k :

Thermal conductivity (Wm−1 K−1)

L :

Tube length (m)

N :

Number of perforated holes

N g :

Dimensionless entropy generation

N t :

Total entropy generation

Nu :

Nusselt number

Pr :

Prandtl number

Re :

Reynolds number

\(S_{\text{g}}^{\prime \prime \prime }\) :

Local entropy generation (Wm−3 K−1)

t :

PCR thickness (m)

T :

Temperature (K)

w :

PCR width (m)

\(\mu\) :

Fluid dynamic viscosity (kg m−1 s−1)

\(\nu\) :

Fluid kinematic viscosity (m2 s−1)

\(\rho\) :

Fluid density (kg m−3)

\(\phi\) :

Nanoparticle volume fraction

eff:

Effective

f:

Base fluid

g:

Generation

in:

Inlet

p:

Particle

t:

Turbulent

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, under Grant No. 48255.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of mechanical engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    M. E. Nakhchi

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 91775-1111, Iran

    J. A. Esfahani

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Correspondence to J. A. Esfahani.

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Nakhchi, M.E., Esfahani, J.A. Entropy generation of turbulent Cu–water nanofluid flow in a heat exchanger tube fitted with perforated conical rings. J Therm Anal Calorim 138, 1423–1436 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-019-08169-w

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