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Using calorimetric approaches and thermal analysis technology to evaluate critical runaway parameters of azobisisobutyronitrile

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Abstract

Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), an azo compound, is widely used in the polymerization reaction process. Due to –N = N– composition of AIBN, it has excellent high thermal sensitivity and decent amounts of decomposition heat. When the cooling system fails, a runaway reaction may occur, leading to a fire or explosion. We used differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to analyze the thermal hazard parameters of AIBN. Based on DSC thermal data, we can determine the apparent onset temperature (T 0), heat of decomposition (ΔH d), apparent activation energy (E a) and its reaction model to evaluate the basic thermal hazard of AIBN. We evaluated the critical runaway parameters of AIBN by Semenov methods, such as critical runaway temperatures and stable temperatures. These critical runaway parameters can be used to describe the unstable reaction criterion, which could determine AIBN’s thermal criticality. These results are able to prevent the thermal hazard and runaway during the production, transportation, and storage of AIBN.

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Abbreviations

R :

Gas constant (8.31415 J K−1 mol−1)

A :

Pre-exponential factor of Arrhenius equation (min−1)

C o :

Original concentration of the material (g cm−3)

C :

Concentration of the material (g cm−3)

C p :

Specific heat of material (J g−1 K−1)

E a :

Apparent activation energy (kJ mol−1)

h :

Heat exchange capability index of the cooling system (kJ m−2 K−1min−1)

k :

Reaction rate constant (dimensionless)

n :

Reaction order (dimensionless)

m :

Mass of material (g)

ΔH d :

Heat of decomposition (J g−1)

ΔH t :

Heat of decomposition at time (J g−1)

ΔH total :

Total heat of decomposition (J g−1)

–r :

Reaction rate (mol L−1 s−1)

q g :

Heat production rate (kJ min−1)

q r :

Heat discharge rate (kJ min−1)

q r1 :

Heat discharge rate by high cooling medium (kJ min−1)

q r2 :

Heat discharge rate by cooling system (kJ min−1)

q r3 :

Heat discharge rate by low cooling system (kJ min−1)

S :

Effective heat exchange area (m2)

T :

Process temperature (K)

T 0 :

Apparent exothermic temperature (K)

T P :

Temperature at the maximum heat release in reaction (K)

T a :

Surroundings temperature under cooling system (K)

T a (tr) :

Surroundings temperature under cooling system at transitional point (K)

T S :

Temperature at the steady state, which occurs at the intersection point of curves q g and q r

t :

Reaction time (min)

t p :

Transitional point (K)

T CI :

Critical ignition or extinction temperature (K)

T FCE :

Final critical extinguish temperature (K)

T C (tr) :

Final critical ignition or extinguish temperature at transitional point (K)

T FSE :

Final stable point of extinguish temperature (K)

TFSI :

Final stable point of ignition temperature (K)

T FSL :

Stable point at low temperatures (K)

T FSH :

Stable point at higher temperatures (K)

T M :

Cutoff point between curves q g and q r at the highest and lowest cooling efficient system (K)

V :

Volume of process instruments (m3)

X A :

Fractional conversion (dimensionless)

ρ :

Density of material (g cm−3)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Doctoral Program, Graduate School of Engineering Science and Technology, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology (YunTech), Yunlin, 123, University Rd., Sec. 3, Douliou, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan, ROC

    Yun-Ting Tsai

  2. Department and Graduate School of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology (YunTech), 123, University Rd., Sec. 3, Douliou, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan, ROC

    Chen-Rui Cao & Wei-Ting Chen

  3. Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, Hungkuang University, 1018, Taiwan Blvd., Sha-Lu, Taichung, 43302, Taiwan, ROC

    Wei-Lung Chou

  4. Department General Education, Chienkuo Technology University, 32 1, Chiehshou North Rd., Changhua, 500, Taiwan, ROC

    Mei-Li You

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  1. Yun-Ting Tsai
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  2. Chen-Rui Cao
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Correspondence to Mei-Li You.

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Tsai, YT., Cao, CR., Chen, WT. et al. Using calorimetric approaches and thermal analysis technology to evaluate critical runaway parameters of azobisisobutyronitrile. J Therm Anal Calorim 122, 1151–1157 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-015-4982-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-015-4982-5

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