Skip to main content
Log in

A thermal method for quantitatively determinating the content of short chain branching in ethylene/α-olefin copolymers

  • Published:
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A quantitative method including peak-fitting for determination of the content of short chain branching (SCB) in ethylene/α-olefin copolymers based on differential scanning calorimetry is described. After stepwise isothermal crystallization, the fractions with similar SCB and lamellar thickness are sorted into groups. The content of each group is determined using the peak-fitting area. The statistical terms, the arithmetic mean SCB content \( \overline{C}_{\text{n}} \), the weighted mean SCB content \( \overline{C}_{\text{w}} \) and the branching broadness index \( I = \overline{C}_{\text{w}} /\overline{C}_{\text{n}} \) are calculated. Through comparing with the SCB contents measured by 13CNMR analysis, the results show that this method can quantitatively characterize the content of SCB in ethylene/α-olefin copolymers with a high degree of accuracy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Hosoda S, Uemura A. Effect of the structural distribution on the mechanical properties of LLDPEs. Polym J. 1992;24(9):939–49.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Simanke AG, Galland GB, Baumhardt R, Quijada R, Mauler RS. Influence of the type and the comonomer contents on the mechanical behavior of ethylene/α-olefin copolymers. J Appl Polym Sci. 1999;74(5):1194–200.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Gelfer MY, Winter HH. Effect of branch distribution on rheology of LLDPE during early stages of crystallization. Macromolecules. 1999;32(26):8974–81.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Usami T, Gotoh Y, Takayama S. Generation mechanism of short-chain branching distribution in linear low-density polyethylenes. Macromolecules. 1986;19(11):2722–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Hansen EW, Blom R, Bade OM. NMR characterization of PE with emphasis on internal consistency of peak intensities and estimation of uncertainties in derived branch distribution numbers. Polymer. 1997;38(17):4295–304.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Jurkiewicz A, Eilerts NW, Hsieh ET. CNMR characterization of short chain branches of Nickel catalyzed PE. Macromolecules. 1999;32(17):5471–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Wild L. Temperature rising elution fractionation. Adv Polym Sci. 1991;98:1–47.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Adisson E, Ribeiro M, Deffieux A, Fontanille M. Evaluation of the heterogeneity in LLDPE co-monomer unit distribution by DSC characterization of thermally treated samples. Polymer. 1992;33(20):4337–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Starck P. Studies of the comonomer distributions in LDPE using TREF and stepwise crystallization by DSC. Polym Int. 1996;40(2):111–22.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Shanks RA, Amarasinghe G. Comonomer distribution in polyethylenes analysed by DSC after thermal fractionation. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2000;59(1–2):471–82.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Chen F, Shanks RA, Amarasinghe G. Crystallisation of single-site polyethylene blends investigated by thermal fractionation techniques. Polymer. 2001;42(10):4579–87.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Muller AJ, Arnal ML. Thermal fractionation of polymers. Prog Polym Sci. 2005;30(5):559–603.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Varga J, Menczel J, Solti A. Memory effect of low-density polyethylene crystallized in a stepwise manner. J Therm Anal Calorim. 1976;10(3):433–40.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Varga J, Menczel J, Solti A. The melting of high-pressure polyethylene subjected to stepwise heat treatment. J Therm Anal Calorim. 1979;17(2):333–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Varga J, Solti A, Menczel J. Kristallisation und Schmelzen von Polymeren. II. Über das Schmelzen von Hochdruckpolyethylen. Periodica Polytechnica. Chem Eng. 1979;23:261–75.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Starck P, Lehmus P, Seppala JV. Thermal characterization of ethylene polymers prepared with metallocene catalysts. Polym Eng Sci. 1999;39(8):1444–55.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Zhang M, Lynch DT, Wanke SE. Characterization of commercial LLDPE by TREF-DSC and TREF-SEC cross-fractionation. J Appl Polym Sci. 2000;75(7):960–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Zhang M, Lynch DT, Wanke SE. Effect of molecular structure distribution on melting and crystallization behavior of 1-butene/ethylene copolymers. Polymer. 2001;42(7):3067–75.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Hughes J, Shanks RA, Cerezo F. Characterisation of the comonomer composition and distribution of copolymers using chemometric techniques. J Therm Anal Cal. 2004;76(3):1069–78.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Torabi SR, Fazeli N. A rapid quantitative method for determination of short chain branching content and branching distribution index in LLDPEs by DSC. Polym Test. 2009;28(8):866–70.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Mang MQ, Wanke SE. Quantitative determination of short-chain branching content and distribution in commercial polyethylenes by thermally fractionated differential scanning calorimetry. Polym Eng Sci. 2003;43(12):1878–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Utracki LA, Schlund B. Linear low density polyethylenes and their blends: Part 1. Molecular characterization. Polym Eng Sci. 1987;27(5):359–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Chen F, Shanks RA, Amarasinghe G. Molecular distribution analysis of melt-crystallized ethylene copolymers. Polym Int. 2004;53(11):1795–805.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Schourterden P, Groeninckx G, Van der Heijden B, Jansen F. Fractionation and thermal behaviour of linear low density polyethylene. Polymer. 1987;28(12):2099–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Bassett DC. Principles of polymer morphology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Hosoda S. Structural distribution of LLDPEs. Polym J. 1988;20(5):383–401.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Keating MY, McCord EF. Thermal fractionation of ethylene polymers in packaging applications. Thermochim Acta. 1996;284(1):47–56.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Gabriel C, Lilge D. Comparison of different methods for the investigation of the short-chain branching distribution of LLDPE. Polymer. 2001;42(1):297–303.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Zhou H, Wilkes GL. Comparison of lamellar thickness and its distribution determined from d.s.c., SAXS, TEM and AFM for high-density polyethylene films having a stacked lamellar morphology. Polymer. 1997;38(23):5735–47.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Zhang FJ, Fu Q, Lu TJ, Huang HY, He TB. Improved thermal fractionation technique for chain structure analysis of ethylene/α-olefin copolymers. Polymer. 2002;43(3):1031–4.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50973074 and 51073110), Program for Sichuan Provincial Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (2010JQ0014) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant no. 2011SCU04A03) for the financial support. We also thank China Petroleum Chemical for supplying all the samples in this work. Yuan-ming Zhai would like to acknowledge China Scholarship Council for providing a scholarship during studying in Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wei Yang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Zhai, YM., Wang, Y., Yang, W. et al. A thermal method for quantitatively determinating the content of short chain branching in ethylene/α-olefin copolymers. J Therm Anal Calorim 110, 1389–1394 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-011-2054-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-011-2054-z

Keywords

Navigation