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Stress tensor and focal mechanisms in the Dead Sea basin

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Abstract

We use the recorded seismicity, confined to the Dead Sea basin and its boundaries, by the Dead Sea Integrated Research (DESIRE) portable seismic network and the Israel and Jordan permanent seismic networks for studying the mechanisms of earthquakes in the Dead Sea basin. The observed seismicity in the Dead Sea basin is divided into nine regions according to the spatial distribution of the earthquakes and the known tectonic features. The large number of recording stations and the adequate station distribution allowed the reliable determinations of 494 earthquake focal mechanisms. For each region, based on the inversion of the observed polarities of the earthquakes, we determine the focal mechanisms and the associated stress tensor. For 159 earthquakes, out of the 494 focal mechanisms, we could determine compatible fault planes. On the eastern side, the focal mechanisms are mainly strike-slip mechanism with nodal planes in the N-S and E-W directions. The azimuths of the stress axes are well constrained presenting minimal variability in the inversion of the data, which is in agreement with the Eastern Boundary fault on the east side of the Dead Sea basin and what we had expected from the regional geodynamics. However, larger variabilities of the azimuthal and dip angles are observed on the western side of the basin. Due to the wider range of azimuths of the fault planes, we observe the switching of σ1 and σ2 or the switching of σ2 and σ3 as major horizontal stress directions. This observed switching of stress axes allows having dip-slip and normal mechanisms in a region that is dominated by strike-slip motion.

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Acknowledgements

The study was supported by EOST, Univ. of Strasbourg, France, Chaire Gutenberg Strasbourg, France, ORSTOM, France, and the Earth Sciences and Research Administration, Ministry of Energy and Water, Israel. A. Hofstetter thanks the Région Alsace and the Communauté Urbaine de Strasbourg for the award of a Gutenberg Excellence Chair. Some figures in this report were prepared using the GMT program (Wessel and Smith 1991). We thank the Geophysical Instrument Pool Potsdam for providing the instruments for the DESIRE experiments and GEOFON for data archiving (http://geofon-open2.gfz-potsdam.de/doi/network/Z4/2006). We thank V. Avirav and A. Polozov for technical help in the graphics. We thank the two reviewers for their useful and constructive comments that improved the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geophysical Inst. of Israel, Lod, Israel

    A. Hofstetter

  2. Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre, Strasbourg, France

    C. Dorbath & L. Dorbath

  3. IRD, UMR 154, Toulouse, France

    C. Dorbath

  4. Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (GFZ), 14473, Potsdam, Germany

    B. Braeuer & M. Weber

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  1. A. Hofstetter
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Correspondence to A. Hofstetter.

Appendix

Appendix

Table 3 List of earthquakes that are used in this study along with the determined focal plane solutions (see also Figs. 3, 4, and 5)
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Hofstetter, A., Dorbath, C., Dorbath, L. et al. Stress tensor and focal mechanisms in the Dead Sea basin. J Seismol 20, 669–699 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-015-9550-8

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