Abstract
Many superconducting delay line structures have been implemented, using various technologies. In this paper, a comprehensive overview of these delay-lines is given. The advantages and disadvantages of using different planar technologies for the construction of superconducting delay lines are discussed in greater detail. It was revealed that most of the superconducting delay line structures reported can be categorized into a few popular structures, namely meander line, double-spiral line, and unit-cell structures. Our recently published novel double-spiral meander delay line structure is also included for comparison. The new structure was implemented using both microstrip and coplanar technologies and the performance is superior compared to any delay lines reported previously. Besides, investigated meander and fractal delay line structures were also reported, with theoretical analysis in frequency and time domains.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Lancaster, M.J.: Passive Microwave Device Applications of High-Temperature Superconductors. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1997)
Talisa, S.H., Janocko, M.A., Meier, D.J., Moskowitz, C., Grassel, R.L., Talvacchio, J., LePage, P., Buck, D.C., Nye, R.S., Pieseski, S.J., Wagner, G.R.: High-temperature superconducting wide band delay lines. IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 5(2), 2291–2294 (1995)
Sollner, T.C.L.G., Lyons, W.G., Arsenault, D.R., Anderson, A.C., Seaver, M.M., Boisvert, R.R., Slattery, R.L.: Superconducting cueing receiver for space experiment. IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 5(2), 2071–2074 (1995)
Liang, G.C., Shih, C.F., Withers, R.S., Cole, B.F., Johansson, M.E.: Space-qualified superconductive digital instantaneous frequency-measurement subsystem. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 44(7), 1289–1299 (1996)
Jeffries, R.F., Greed, R.B., Voyce, D.C., Nudd, G.N., Humphreys, R.G., Goodyear, S.W.: Further development of a future ESM channeliser with high temperature superconducting filters. IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 11(1), 410–413 (2001)
Kapolnek, D.J., Aidnik, D.L., Hey-Shipton, G., James, T.W., Fenzi, N.O., Skoglund, D.L., Nilsson, B.J.L.: Integral FMCW radar incorporating an HTSC delay line with user-transparent cryogenic cooling and packaging. IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 3(1), 2820–2823 (1993)
Hattori, W., Yoshitake, T., Tahar, S.: A re-entrant delay-line memory using a YBa2Cu3O7−δ coplanar delay-line. IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 9(2), 3829–3832 (1999)
Huang, F.: Thin-film HTS delay-line filters. Cryogenics 37(10), 671–679 (1997)
Cheung, H.C.H., Holroyd, M., Huang, F., Lancaster, M.J., Aschermann, B., Getta, M., Muller, G., Schlick, H.: 125% Bandwidth superconducting chirp filters. IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 7(2), 2359–2362 (1997)
Wang, Y., Su, H.T., Huang, F., Lancaster, M.J.: Wideband superconducting coplanar delay lines without wire-bonding. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. MTT-53(7), 2348–2354 (2005)
Su, H.T., Wang, Y., Huang, F., Lancaster, M.J.: Wide-band superconducting microstrip delay line. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. MTT-52, 11 (2004)
Ikalainen, P.K., Matthaei, G.L.: Wide-band, forward-coupling microstrip hybrids with high directivity. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 35(8), 719–725 (1987)
Talisa, S.H., Janocko, M.A., Meier, D.J., Moskowitz, C., Grassel, R.L., Talvacchio, J., LePage, P., Buck, D.C., Nye, R.S., Pieseski, S.J., Wagner, G.R.: High-temperature superconducting wide band delay lines. IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 5(2), 2291–2294 (1995)
Gandolfo, D.A., Boornard, A., Morris, L.C.: Superconductive microwave meander lines. J. Appl. Phys. 39(6), 2657–2660 (1968)
Lichtenberg, C.L., Meyers, W.J., Kawecki, T.G., Peltzer, A.R., Johnson, M.S., Nisenoff, M., Price, G.E.: The high temperature superconductivity space experiment (HTSSE). Appl. Supercond. 1(7–9), 1313–1331 (1993)
Hohenwarter, G.K.G., Track, E.K., Drake, R.E., Patt, R.: Forty five nanoseconds superconducting delay lines. IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 3(1, Part 4), 2804–2807 (1993)
Fenzi, N., Aidnik, D., Skoglund, D., Rohlfing, S.: Development of high temperature superconducting 100 nanosecond delay line. In: Hammond, R.B., Richard, S.W. (eds.) High-Tc Microwave Superconductors and Applications. Proceedings of the SPIE, vol. 2156, pp. 143–151 (1994)
Tsang, K.F., Chan, W.S., Jing, D.: High Tc superconductor CPW delay line. Electron. Lett. 33(16), 1393–1395 (1997)
Bourne, L.C., Hammond, R.B., Robinson, McD., Eddy, M.M., Olson, W.L., James, T.W.: Low-loss microstrip delay line in Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8. Appl. Phys. Lett. 56(23), 2333–2335 (1990)
Track, E.K., Hohenwarter, G.K.G., Madhavrao, L.R., Patt, R., Drake, R.E., Radparvar, M.: Fabrication and characterization of YBCO microstrip delay lines. IEEE Trans. Mag. 27(2), 2936–2939 (1991)
Track, E.K., Drake, R.E., Hohenwarter, G.K.G.: Optically modulated superconducting delay lines. IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 3(1), 2899–2902 (1993)
Liang, G.C., Withers, R.S., Cole, B.F., Garrison, S.M., Johansson, M.E., Ruby, W.S., Lyons, W.G.: High-temperature superconducting delay lines and filters on sapphire and thinned LaAlO3 substrates. IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 3(3), 3037–3041 (1993)
Shen, Z.-Y., Pang, P.S.W., Holstein, W.L., Wilder, C., Dunn, S., Face, D.W., Laubacher, D.B.: High Tc superconducting coplanar delay line with long delay and low insertion loss. In: 1991 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, vol. 3, pp. 1235–1238 (1991)
Hofer, G.J., Kratz, H.A., Schultz, G., Sollner, J., Windte, V.: High temperature superconductor coplanar delay lines. IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 3(1), 2800–2803 (1993)
Wu, D.S., Wang, H.Y., Hu, L.P., Zhang, C.X., Yang, B.C., Wang, X.P.: High-temperature superconducting microwave delay lines. Physica C 282–287, 2525–2526 (1997)
Lyons, W.G., Withers, R.S., Hamm, J.M., Anderson, A.C., Mankiewich, P.M., O’Malley, M.L., Howard, R.E.: High Tc superconductive delay line structures, and signal conditioning networks. IEEE Trans. Mag. 27(2), 2932–2935 (1991)
Hornak, L.A., Hatamian, M., Tewksbury, S.K., Burkhardt, E.G., Howard, R.E., Mankiewich, P.M., Straughn, B.L., Brandle, C.D.: Experiments with a 31-cm high Tc superconducting thin film transmission line. In: 1989 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, vol. 2, pp. 623–626 (1989)
Hofer, G.J., Kratz, H.A.: Superconducting delay lines and chirp filters. In: EUCAS, Gottingen, Germany, October 1993, pp. 1517–1520 (1993)
Schulz, G., Sollner, J., Guttler, H., Windte, V., Hofer, G.J., Kratz, H.A.: Fabrication of coplanar HF analog devices. In: EUCAS, Gottingen, Germany, October 1993
Wu, R.B., Chao, F.L.: Laddering wave in serpentine delay line. IEEE Trans. Compon. Packag. Manuf. Technol. Part B: 18(4), 644–650 (1995)
Wu, R.B., Chao, F.L.: Flat spiral delay line design with minimum crosstalk penalty. IEEE Trans. Compon. Packag. Manuf. Technol. Part B: 19(2), 397–402 (1996)
Rubin, B.J., Singh, B.: Study of meander line delay in circuit boards. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 48(9), 1452–1460 (2000)
Orhanovic, N., Raghuram, R., Matsui, N.: Characterization of microstrip meanders in PCB interconnects. In: 2000 Electronic Components and Technology Conference, pp. 508–512 (2000)
Sudo, T., Kudo, J., Ko, Y., Ito, K.: Experimental characterization and numerical modelling approach of meander delay lines. In: 2002 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, September 2002, pp. 711–715 (2002)
Weiss, J.A.: Dispersion and field analysis of a microstrip meander-line slow-wave structure. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 22(12), 1194–1201 (1974)
Agrawal, A.K.: Dispersion in n coupled microstrip meanders. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 28(8), 927–932 (1980)
Sonnet, ver. 8. Sonnet Software, Liverpool, NY (2002)
Werner, D.H., Ganguly, S.: An overview of fractal antenna engineering research. IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. 45(1), 38–57 (2003)
Cohen, N.: Fractal antenna applications in wireless telecommunications. In: Electronics Industries Forum of New England, Professional Program Proceedings, 6–8 May 1997, pp. 43–49 (1997)
Prigiobbo, A., Barra, M., Cassinese, A., Cirillo, M., Marafioti, F., Russo, R., Vaglio, R.: Superconducting resonators for telecommunication application based on fractal layout. Supercond. Sci. Technol. 17(5), S427–S431 (2004)
Kim, I.K., Kingsley, N., Morton, M., Bairavasubramanian, R., Papapolymerou, J., Tentzeris, M.M., Yook, J.-G.: Fractal-shaped microstrip coupled-line bandpass filters for suppression of second harmonic. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 53(9), 2943–2948 (2005)
Barra, M., Collado, C., Mateu, J., O’Callaghan, J.M.: Miniaturization of superconducting filters using Hilbert fractal curves. IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 15(3), 3841–3846 (2005)
Advanced Design System (ADS) Simulation Tools. Agilent Technol., Palo Alto, CA (2001)
Su, H.T., Wang, Y., Huang, F., Lancaster, M.J.: Characterizing a double-spiralled meander superconducting microstrip delay line using a resonator technique. In: 2004 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, pp. 135–138 (2004)
Kuylenstierna, D., Vorobiev, A., Linner, P., Gevorgian, S.: Ultrawide-band tunable true-time delay lines using ferroelectric varactors. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 53(6), 2164–2170 (2005)
Chen, L., Zhu, Q., Xu, S.: Delay lines based on left-handed transmission line structure. Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett. 48(10), 1998–2001 (2006)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Su, H.T., Wang, Y., Huang, F. et al. Superconducting Delay Lines. J Supercond Nov Magn 21, 7–16 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-007-0239-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-007-0239-2