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Nanochitosan Reinforced Polyvinyl Alcohol/Cashew Gum Bio-blend Nanocomposites: Promising Materials for Future Frontiers

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Abstract

Herein, biopolymer nanocomposite films were prepared from the blend of two polymers, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and cashew gum (CG), incorporated with various concentrations of nanochitosan (nCS) via the green solution casting method. The effects of nCS on the structural, morphological, mechanical, thermal and electrical/dielectric characteristics of the PVA/CG blend have been investigated and discussed. The major absorption peaks of PVA and CG were revealed by the Fourier transform infrared study, and their positions slightly changed with the insertion of nCS. X-ray diffraction results revealed that the crystallinity degree of the nanocomposite samples increased with increasing nCS content. The consistent distribution of chitosan nanofillers in the blend network was visible in the scanning electron microscopy images. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis showed that increasing the nanofiller loading into the PVA/CG increased the glass transition temperature and thermal stability. The electrical impedance measurements showed that the nanofiller loading increases the electrical conductivity and dielectric properties. The AC conductivity of PVA/CG/7wt% nCS was 1.46 times higher than the pure blend. The activation energy of electrical conductivity decreases as temperature increases, and the PVA/CG/7wt% nCS sample had the lowest activation energy of conduction (0.3495 eV). The semiconducting behaviour of the blend nanocomposites was explained by the skewed semi-circular arc observed in Nyquist plots. The tensile strength of 5wt% nCS loaded blend was 43.2% higher than the pure PVA/CG blend. These results suggest that this blend nanocomposite films could be a candidate for capacitors and flexible energy storage devices.

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Funding

The author (K. Meera) gratefully acknowledges the financial support provided by University Grants Commission (UGC), India to carry out this research work.

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  1. Centre for Polymer Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Calicut, Calicut University P.O., Malappuram, Kerala, 673 635, India

    K. Meera, K. Arun & M. T. Ramesan

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All authors contributed to the conception and design of the study. KM contributed to the material preparation, analysis and writing of the manuscript, KA performed material preparation, data collection, while MTR contributed to the conception, resources, validation, writing, review and editing.

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Correspondence to M. T. Ramesan.

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Meera, K., Arun, K. & Ramesan, M.T. Nanochitosan Reinforced Polyvinyl Alcohol/Cashew Gum Bio-blend Nanocomposites: Promising Materials for Future Frontiers. J Polym Environ 31, 4487–4505 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-023-02909-8

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