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Structural, Morphological and Thermal Properties of Nano Filler Produced from Date Palm-Based Micro Fibers (Phoenix dactylifera L.)

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Abstract

In this century, the development of nano-sized filler from biomass material has become the main focus of industries in achieving their final green composite product for a wide range of applications. From a commercial and environmental point of view, fragmentation and downsizing of waste lignocellulosic fibers without chemical treatments into small size particles is a viable option. In this study, an attempt was made to produce nano-sized lignocellulosic fillers from date palm micro fibers via mechanical ball milling process at intense 99 cycles run (equivalent to 25 h). The resultant nanofillers as well as the microfibers were characterized in details by various analytical techniques, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size analysis (PSA), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to assess their structure—property relationship. From microscopy examination, the nanofillers showed a heterogeneous mix of irregular shaped particles, and while having a size ranging of 30–110 nm in width and 1–10 mm length dimensions. Also, the crystallography analysis revealed the crystallinity had mildly declined from microfibers (71.8%) to nanofiller (68.9%) due to amorphization effect. As for thermal analysis, the nanofillers exhibited high heat resistance at 260.8 °C decomposition temperature. Furthermore, the nanofillers also had stable thermo-changing behavior by presenting low heat enthalpy change (40.15 J/g) in its endothermic reaction for breaking organic bonds. The thermal results suggest its suitability for composite fabrication process at high temperature. Thus, the produced nanofillers can be used as a low cost reinforcing agent in the future for versatile polymer-based composite systems.

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Acknowledgements

The Project was funded by the National Plan for Science, Technology, and Innovation (MAARIFAH), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Award Number (2-17-02-001-0061).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia

    Othman Y. Alothman

  2. SABIC Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia

    Hamid M. Shaikh

  3. National Center for Petrochemicals, Materials Science Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Basheer A. Alshammari

  4. Department of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Mohammad Jawaid

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  1. Othman Y. Alothman
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  4. Mohammad Jawaid
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Alothman, O.Y., Shaikh, H.M., Alshammari, B.A. et al. Structural, Morphological and Thermal Properties of Nano Filler Produced from Date Palm-Based Micro Fibers (Phoenix dactylifera L.). J Polym Environ 30, 622–630 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-021-02224-0

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