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Effects of Piston Scuffing Fault on the Performance and Vibro-Acoustic Characteristics of a Diesel Engine: An Experimental Study

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Abstract

A piston is the key component of the diesel engine, which is subjected to higher pressure and temperature inside the combustion chamber. The wear propagation on piston leads to an increase in engine vibrations, acoustic emissions, exhaust emissions, lubricant degradation, reduction in the total power output and thermal efficiency of the engine. Hence, it is necessary to consider fault diagnostic techniques to detect the faults developed in the piston during the in-service condition. In this experimental work, efforts were made to detect the piston scuffing fault using vibration and acoustic emission analyses. The fault-related features were extracted from vibro-acoustic signals using signal processing tools viz. fast Fourier transform and continuous wavelet transform. The performance parameters such as brake power, brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, fuel consumption and in-cylinder combustion pressure, emission parameters viz. carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbon, and nitrogen oxide, and lubricant degradation analyses were also considered to analyze the effects of piston scuffing fault on these parameters. The results provide a good correlation between vibration and acoustic signals, performance, and lubricant parameters to detect and diagnose the scuffing fault that appeared on the piston of the diesel engine.

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Abbreviations

a :

Translation parameter

b :

Dilation parameter

\(b_{f}\) :

Damping factor for foundation block

\(b_{e}\) :

Damping factor for frame and engine

BTh:

Brake thermal efficiency (%)

BP:

Brake power (kW)

BSFC:

Brake specific fuel consumption (\(\frac{kg}{kWhr}\))

\(\hbox {CO}_{2}\) :

Carbon dioxide (% )

CO:

Carbon monoxide (%)

dB :

Noise measured in decibel

DAQ:

Data acquisition system

FC:

Fuel consumption (\(\frac{kg}{hr}\))

FFT:

Fast Fourier transform

f :

Frequency (Hz)

HC:

Hydrocarbon (ppm)

k :

Frequency index (Hz)

\(k_{f}\) :

Stiffness of the soil

\(k_{e}\) :

Stiffness of bolt and elastic pad

\(m_{f}\) :

Mass of frame and engine

\(m_{e}\) :

Mass of the engine body

\(\hbox {NO}_{x}\) :

Nitrogen oxide (ppm)

p :

Sound pressure (Pa)

\(p_{ref}\) :

Reference sound pressure (Pa)

SPL :

Sound pressure level (dB)

t :

Time (sec)

W(a, b):

Wavelet coefficient

x(t):

Time domain signal

x(f):

Frequency domain signal

\(x_{1}\) :

Displacement of the foundation block

\(\dot{x_{1}}\) :

Velocity of the foundation block

\(\ddot{x_{1}}\) :

Acceleration of the foundation block

\(x_{2}\) :

Displacement of frame and engine

\(\dot{x_{2}}\) :

Velocity of frame and engine

\(\ddot{x_{2}}\) :

Acceleration of frame and engine

\({\bar{x}}\) :

Mean of the samples

\(\psi (t)\) :

Mother wavelet

\(\psi ^{*}(t)\) :

Complex conjugate of the mother wavelet

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank St. Aloysius Institute of Technology, Jabalpur for providing the facility for FTIR test facility.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Internal Combustion Engine Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing Jabalpur, Jabalpur, 482005, India

    Sangharatna M. Ramteke & H. Chelladurai

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, G.H. Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur, 440016, India

    Sangharatna M. Ramteke

  3. Tribology and Machine Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing Jabalpur, Jabalpur, 482005, India

    M. Amarnath

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  1. Sangharatna M. Ramteke
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Ramteke, S.M., Chelladurai, H. & Amarnath, M. Effects of Piston Scuffing Fault on the Performance and Vibro-Acoustic Characteristics of a Diesel Engine: An Experimental Study. J Nondestruct Eval 40, 81 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-021-00811-8

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