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Tooth Eruption Sequences in Cervids and the Effect of Morphology, Life History, and Phylogeny

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Abstract

Tooth eruption sequences vary in a non-random way among mammalian species. Several variables have been linked to this, including tooth and jaw shape, adaptations to diet, and food processing. Likewise, changes in eruption patterns correlate with the speed of postnatal growth in some groups, the Schultz’s Rule pattern. Here, the eruption pattern of the permanent dentition in lower jaws from different cervid species have been investigated to discern the effect of these factors and phylogeny as well as to reconstruct the ancestral tooth eruption sequence of cervids. In ruminants, the different patterns of emergence of permanent teeth seem to be best explained by phylogeny. The degree of hypsodonty, age of first molar eruption, and life history parameters such as longevity and age of female sexual maturity do not explain the observed sequential differences in eruption patterns. The Parsimov-based analysis for the ancestral state resulted in a tooth eruption sequence of m1 – m2 – i1 – i2 – i3 – c – m3 – (ppp) for Cervidae; a pattern recorded in Odocoileus, Capreolus, and Hydropotes. The eruption pattern of Caenomeryx filholi, from the Oligocene of Gaimersheim, is identical to the result of the Parsimov-based analysis except for the presence of a first premolar, a tooth lost in cervids.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the following colleagues for access to collections: Loïc Costeur (NMB), Christiane Funk (MfN), Alexandra van der Geer (NBC), Marianne Haffner (ZMUZH_MAMM), Stefan T. Hertwig (NMBE), Michael Hiermeier (ZSM), Lars van den Hoek Ostende (NBC), Ralf-Dietrich Kahlke (IQW), Barbara Oberholzer (ZMUZH_MAMM), Itatí A. Olivares (MLPA), Gertrud Rössner (BSPG), Manuel Ruedi (MHNG), Manuel Schweizer (NMBE), and Diego H. Verzi (MLPA). Our gratitude goes also to Madeleine Geiger (PIMUZ), Robert Asher (UMZC), Daisuke Koyabu (UMUTZ), and the anonymous reviewer for their helpful advice with methodological questions as well as for discussion and to Ashley Latimer (PIMUZ) for reviewing the English. This research was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) grant 31003A_149605 to Marcelo R. Sánchez-Villagra.

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  1. Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich, Karl Schmid-Strasse 4, CH 8006, Zürich, Switzerland

    Kristof Veitschegger & Marcelo R. Sánchez-Villagra

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Correspondence to Kristof Veitschegger.

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Veitschegger, K., Sánchez-Villagra, M.R. Tooth Eruption Sequences in Cervids and the Effect of Morphology, Life History, and Phylogeny. J Mammal Evol 23, 251–263 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10914-015-9315-8

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