Abstract
Strontium titanate is a ternary n-type semiconductor that has recently been identified as a promising material for many photocatalytic applications such as degradation of organic pollutants or oxygen evolution reaction, especially because of high durability. However, SrTiO3 has not demonstrated high photoactivity and therefore many approaches have been studied towards improving its photo-efficiency. One of them is combining it with graphene oxide, which demonstrated huge improvement in overall photocatalytic activity, and the reasons of this effect have not yet been fully identified. In this work, we characterize SrTiO3/ graphene oxide photomaterials synthesized by a straightforward hydrothermal procedure and for the first time report many of the quintessential material features that are relevant to improved photocatalytic activity towards photocatalytic degradation of toluene. Our results provide important insights into the efficiency of charge separation, carrier transport, and photostability.










Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles and news from researchers in related subjects, suggested using machine learning.Data Availability
Not applicable.
Code Availability
Not applicable.
References
M.A. Bin Adnan, K. Arifin, L.J. Minggu, M.B. Kassim, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 43, 23209 (2018)
M. Milanović, I. Stijepović, L.M. Nikolić, Process. Application Ceram. 4, 69 (2010)
N.R. Abdul Rahman, L. Muniandy, F. Adam, A. Iqbal, E.P. Ng, H.L. Lee, J. Photochem. Photobiol., A 375, 219 (2019)
T. Baran, S. Wojtyła, A. Vertova, A. Minguzzi, S. Rondinini, J. Electroanal. Chem 808, 395 (2018)
A. Kumar, V.N. Rao, A. Kumar, M.V. Shankar, V. Krishnan, ChemPhotoChem 4, 427 (2020)
Y. Kim, M. Watanabe, J. Matsuda, J.T. Song, A. Takagaki, A. Staykov, T. Ishihara, Appl. Catal. B 278, 119292 (2020)
K. Yu, C. Zhang, Y. Chang, Y. Feng, Z. Yang, T. Yang, L.-L. Lou, S. Liu, Appl. Catal. B 200, 514 (2017)
S. Ouyang, P. Li, H. Xu, H. Tong, L. Liu, J. Ye, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6, 22726 (2014)
B. Han, L. Wu, J. Li, X. Wang, Q. Peng, N. Wang, X. Li, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 45, 1559 (2020)
S. Patial, V. Hasija, P. Raizada, P. Singh, A.A.P. Khan, Singh, A.M. Asiri, J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 8, 103791 (2020)
T.K. Townsend, N.D. Browning, F.E. Osterloh, ACS Nano 6, 7420 (2012)
U.S. Shenoy, H. Bantawal, D.K. Bhat, J. Phys. Chem. C 122, 27567 (2018)
K. Kato, J. Jiang, Y. Sakata, A. Yamakata, ChemCatChem 11, 6349 (2019)
B.W. Roehrich, R. Han, F.E. Osterloh, J. Photochem. Photobiol., A 400, 112705 (2020)
A.K. Wahab, T. Odedairo, J. Labis, M. Hedhili, A. Delavar, H. Idriss, Appl. Petrochem. Res. 3, 83 (2013)
J. Han, F. Dai, Y. Liu, R. Zhao, L. Wang, S. Feng, Appl. Surf. Sci 467–468, 1033 (2019)
S. Wojtyła, T. Baran, Nano Select 2, 2021, 389-397
S. Wojtyła, K. Szmit, T. Baran, J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. 28, 492 (2018)
P.M. Martins, C.G. Ferreira, A.R. Silva, B. Magalhães, M.M. Alves, L. Pereira, P.A.A.P. Marques, M. Melle-Franco, S. Lanceros-Méndez, Compos. Part B: Eng. 145, 39 (2018)
K. Thakur, B. Kandasubramanian, J. Chem. Eng. Data 64, 833 (2019)
A. Iwase, Y.H. Ng, Y. Ishiguro, A. Kudo, R. Amal, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 11054 (2011)
M. Ahmadi, M.S. Seyed Dorraji, M.H. Rasoulifard, A.R. Amani-Ghadim, Sep. Purif. Technol 228, 115771 (2019)
C.-W. Chang, C. Hu, Chem. Eng. J 383, 123116 (2020)
P. Mohammadi, F. Ghorbani-Shahna, A. Bahrami, A.A. Rafati, M. Farhadian, J. Photochem. Photobiol., A 394, 112460 (2020)
G.-L. He, Y.-H. Zhong, M.-J. Chen, X. Li, Y.-P. Fang, Y.-H. Xu, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem 423, 70 (2016)
T. Xian, H. Yang, L. Di, J. Ma, H. Zhang, J. Dai, Nanoscale Res. Lett. 9, 327 (2014)
Y.-C. Yang, L. Xu, W.-Q. Huang, C.-Y. Luo, G.-F. Huang, P. Peng, J. Phys. Chem. C 119, 19095 (2015)
X. Wang, B. Liu, Q. Lu, Q. Qu, J. Chromatogr. A 1362, 1 (2014)
J. Jo, S. Lee, J. Gim, J. Song, S. Kim, V. Mathew, M.H. Alfaruqi, S. Kim, J. Lim, J. Kim, Royal Soc. Open Sci. 6, 181978 (2019)
H. Trabelsi, M. Bejar, E. Dhahri, M.P.F. Graça, M.A. Valente, M.J. Soares, N.A. Sobolev, Appl. Surf. Sci 426, 386 (2017)
A. Wojcik, P.V. Kamat, ACS Nano 4, 6697 (2010)
P. She, S. Yin, Q. He, X. Zhang, K. Xu, Y. Shang, X. Men, S. Zeng, H. Sun, Z. Liu, Electrochim. Acta 246, 35 (2017)
I.V. Lightcap, T.H. Kosel, P.V. Kamat, Nano Lett. 10, 577 (2010)
Y.H. Ng, I.V. Lightcap, K. Goodwin, M. Matsumura, P.V. Kamat, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 1, 2222 (2010)
R. Al-Gaashani, A. Najjar, Y. Zakaria, S. Mansour, M.A. Atieh, Ceram. Int 45, 14439 (2019)
F. Werfel, O. Brümmer, Phys. Scr. 28, 92 (1983)
J. Szlachetko, K. Michalow-Mauke, M. Nachtegaal, J. Sa, J. Chem. Sci. 126, 511 (2014)
A. Rubano, D. Paparo, F.M. Granozio,. Marrucci, U. Scotti di Uccio, and L. J. Appl. Phys 106, 103515 (2009)
B. Tang, H. Chen, H. Peng, Z. Wang, W. Huang, Nanomaterials 8, 105 (2018)
K. Zhou, Y. Zhu, X. Yang, X. Jiang, C. Li, New. J. Chem. 35, 353 (2011)
Funding
This work was co-financed from European Funds from the Regional Operational Programme for the Małopolska Region for the years 2014–2020 (grant no. RPMP.01.02.01-12-0401/17 − 00).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Authors contributed equally to the study conception, design, analysis, data collection and writing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
No conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic Supplementary Material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Baran, T., Wojtyła, S. Reduced Graphene Oxide / Strontium Titanate—Investigation of Improved Photoactivity. J Inorg Organomet Polym 33, 1603–1611 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-023-02583-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-023-02583-2