Abstract
The pure TiO2 nanoparticles have been synthesized by a simplistic eco-friendly green method using extract of cinnamon powder for the first time. The cinnamic acid present in the cinnamon works as the capping agent during the reaction. TiO2 nanoparticles were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) which conformed the anatase phase TiO2 with average crystallite size 70.1 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs suggests that the particles exhibit spherical shapes and uniformly distributed over the surface with size range 70–150 nm. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) shows the presence of oxygen and titanium peaks which confirmed the formation of TiO2 pure nanoparticles. From the UV–Vis spectroscopic studies the band gap comes out to be 3.2 eV which confirmed the formation of TiO2 nanoparticles. The optical properties have also been studied by PL that indicates the formation of oxygen vacancies and self-trapped excitons in the material. The samples showed the enhanced photocatalytic property.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
B. Zou, V. Volkov, Z. Wang, Optical properties of amorphous ZnO, CdO, and PbO nanoclusters in solution. Chem. Mater. 11(11), 3037–3043 (1999)
N. Okubo et al., Fabrication of nanoparticles of anatase TiO2 by oxygen-supplied pulsed laser deposition. Appl. Surf. Sci. 197, 679–683 (2002)
M. Kitano et al., Recent developments in titanium oxide-based photocatalysts. Appl. Catal. A 325(1), 1–14 (2007)
S. Mahshid, M. Askari, M.S. Ghamsari, Synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles by hydrolysis and peptization of titanium isopropoxide solution. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 189(1–3), 296–300 (2007)
M. Grätzel, Conversion of sunlight to electric power by nanocrystalline dye-sensitized solar cells. J. Photochem. Photobiol., A 164(1–3), 3–14 (2004)
D. Huguenin, T. Chopin, New titanium precursors for manufacture of colored pigments. Dyes Pigment 37(2), 129–134 (1998)
S.M. Roopan et al., Efficient phyto-synthesis and structural characterization of rutile TiO2 nanoparticles using Annona squamosa peel extract. Spectrochim. Acta A 98, 86–90 (2012)
M.B. Tahir et al., Role of europium on WO3 performance under visible-light for photocatalytic activity. Ceram. Int. 44(5), 5705–5709 (2018)
R. Sankar et al., Ultra-rapid photocatalytic activity of Azadirachtaindica engineered colloidal titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Appl. Nanosci. 5(6), 731–736 (2015)
G. Nabi et al., A review on novel eco-friendly green approach to synthesis TiO2 nanoparticles using different extracts. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater. 28, 1–13 (2018)
R.D.A. Jalill, R.S. Nuaman, A.N. Abd, Biological synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles by Curcuma longa plant extract and study its biological properties. World Sci. News 49(2), 204–222 (2016)
M. Sathishkumar et al., Cinnamon zeylanicum bark extract and powder mediated green synthesis of nano-crystalline silver particles and its bactericidal activity. Colloids Surf. B 73(2), 332–338 (2009)
M.B. Tahir et al., Morphology tailored synthesis of C-WO3 nanostructures and its photocatalytic application. J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater. 28(3), 738–745 (2018)
B. Shan et al., Antibacterial properties and major bioactive components of cinnamon stick (Cinnamomum burmannii): activity against foodborne pathogenic bacteria. J. Agric. Food Chem. 55(14), 5484–5490 (2007)
P.V. Rao, S.H. Gan, Cinnamon: a multifaceted medicinal plant. Evid.-Based Complement. Altern. Med. (2014). https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/642942
J.K. Burdett et al., Structural-electronic relationships in inorganic solids: powder neutron diffraction studies of the rutile and anatase polymorphs of titanium dioxide at 15 and 295 K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 109(12), 3639–3646 (1987)
A.J. Rulison, P.F. Miquel, J.L. Katz, Titania and silica powders produced in a counterflow diffusion flame. J. Mater. Res. 11(12), 3083–3089 (1996)
Y. Wang, N. Herron, Nanometer-sized semiconductor clusters: materials synthesis, quantum size effects, and photophysical properties. J. Phys. Chem. 95(2), 525–532 (1991)
R. Asahi et al., Visible-light photocatalysis in nitrogen-doped titanium oxides. Science 293(5528), 269–271 (2001)
L. Saraf et al., Synthesis of nanophase TiO2 by ion beam sputtering and cold condensation technique. Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 12(25), 2635–2647 (1998)
N. Serpone, D. Lawless, R. Khairutdinov, Size effects on the photophysical properties of colloidal anatase TiO2 particles: size quantization versus direct transitions in this indirect semiconductor? J. Phys. Chem. 99(45), 16646–16654 (1995)
H. Tang et al., Photoluminescence in TiO2 anatase single crystals. Solid State Commun. 87(9), 847–850 (1993)
L. Forss, M. Schubnell, Temperature dependence of the luminescence of TiO2 powder. Appl. Phys. B 56(6), 363–366 (1993)
G. Redmond, D. Fitzmaurice, M. Graetzel, Effect of surface chelation on the energy of an intraband surface state of a nanocrystalline titania film. J. Phys. Chem. 97(27), 6951–6954 (1993)
A.L. Linsebigler, G. Lu, J.T. Yates Jr., Photocatalysis on TiO2 surfaces: principles, mechanisms, and selected results. Chem. Rev. 95(3), 735–758 (1995)
H. Zeng et al., Blue Luminescence of ZnO nanoparticles based on non-equilibrium processes: defect origins and emission controls. Adv. Funct. Mater. 20(4), 561–572 (2010)
W.-Y. Wu, Y.-M. Chang, J.-M. Ting, Room-temperature synthesis of single-crystalline anatase TiO2 nanowires. Cryst. Growth Des. 10(4), 1646–1651 (2010)
K. Siddhapara, D. Shah, Characterization of nanocrystalline cobalt doped TiO2 sol–gel material. J. Cryst. Growth 352(1), 224–228 (2012)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nabi, G., Raza, W. & Tahir, M.B. Green Synthesis of TiO2 Nanoparticle Using Cinnamon Powder Extract and the Study of Optical Properties. J Inorg Organomet Polym 30, 1425–1429 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-019-01248-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-019-01248-3