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In the Shadow of Academic Medical Centers: A Systematic Review of Urban Health Research in Baltimore City

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Abstract

The city of Baltimore is a typical, large, urban center in the United States with several major academic medical institutions surrounded by disadvantaged neighborhoods with multiple poor health indices. In order to understand the extent to which academic research agendas reflect the health concerns of Baltimore’s local population, a systematic review was conducted to identify research about four key, health-related topic areas. We classified papers on: disease prevalence and health status, utilization of health services, population-based interventions, and the unmet health needs of Baltimore City residents. Approximately 4,150 citations were identified in the search and two levels of screening yielded a total of 288 papers. The majority of articles (n = 189) examined prevalence of health conditions such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), mental health and mental disorders, and sexually transmitted diseases. Papers about specific target populations focused primarily on adults, African Americans, and females. Despite a significant body of research concerning several health conditions and priority populations, significant gaps in knowledge about health services utilization, community interventions, unmet health needs, and the prevalence of specific health issues remain. This review provides valuable insight into the extent of health research conducted about the city of Baltimore and whether community health priorities have been investigated. It provides a basis for examining the potential directions of academic research centers to effectively identify and address collective, urban health priorities of the communities in which they reside.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Allison Roeser, a graduate student at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (BSPH), who assisted with organizing the data abstraction process and leading the data entry efforts. Graduate students at BSPH who assisted the authors with abstracting data for this systematic review include Genevieve Birkby, Heidi Bramson, Kathy Byrd, Anisha Dharshi, Jessica Donaldson, Judy Easterbrook, Nadine Finigan, Tameka Gillum, Gursimran Grewal, Sabina Haberlen, James Ignas, Peter James, Christine Kang, Michelle Knowles, Dennis Kuo, Jia Liu, Sherry Madan, Craig Martinez, Mary Ellen McEvoy, Mpho Mogodi, Alejandro Necochea, Michael Oldham, Ibironke Olofin, Elizabeth Parker, Raj Punjabi, Anna Ricklin, James Saltsman, Myra Shapiro, Erica Shelton, Carol Strong, Andy Tan, Emma Tsui, Ellen Wells, and Jessika Zmuda.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Urban Health Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Nadra C. Tyus

  2. Johns Hopkins Urban Health Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and School of Medicine, 2013 East Monument, St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA

    M. Christopher Gibbons

  3. Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Health Sciences Informatics, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Karen A. Robinson

  4. Public Health and Basic Science Informationist Services, Welch Medical Library, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Claire Twose

  5. Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Zanyvl Krieger Professor of Children’s Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Bernard Guyer

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  1. Nadra C. Tyus
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Correspondence to M. Christopher Gibbons.

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Tyus, N.C., Gibbons, M.C., Robinson, K.A. et al. In the Shadow of Academic Medical Centers: A Systematic Review of Urban Health Research in Baltimore City. J Community Health 35, 433–452 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-010-9258-1

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