Abstract
Co-infestations by herbivores, a common situation found in natural settings, can distinctly affect induced plant defenses compared to single infestations. Related tritrophic interactions might be affected through the emission of changed blends of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs). In a previous study, we observed that the infestation by red spider mite (Oligonychus ilicis) on coffee plants facilitated the infestation by white mealybug (Planococcus minor), whereas the reverse sequence of infestation did not occur. Here, we examined the involvement of the jasmonate and salicylate pathways in the plant-mediated asymmetrical facilitation between red spider mites and white mealybugs as well as the effect of multiple herbivory on attractiveness to the predatory mite Euseius concordis and the ladybug Cryptolaemus montrouzieri. Both mite and mealybug herbivory led to the accumulation of JA-Ile, JA, and cis-OPDA in plants, although the catabolic reactions of JA-Ile were specifically regulated by each herbivore. Infestation by mites or mealybugs induced the release of novel volatiles by coffee plants, which selectively attracted their respective predators. Even though the co-infestation by mites and mealybugs resulted in a stronger accumulation of JA-Ile, JA and SA than the single infestation treatments, the volatile emission was similar to that of mite-infested or mealybug-infested plants. However, multiple infestation had a negative impact on the attractiveness of HIPVs to the predators, making them less attractive to the predatory mite and a repellent to the ladybug. We discuss the potential underlying mechanisms of the susceptibility induced by mites, and the effect of multiple infestation on each predator.
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All data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank M. Reichelt for support with the phytohormone measurements. We also thank Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG – Edital Universal 2017), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Semioquímicos na Agricultura – INCT (FAPESP 2014/50871-0; CNPq 465511/2014-7), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico (CNPq) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) for providing financial support for this research.
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This study was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG, Grant APQ-01965-17) and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Semioquímicos na Agricultura – INCT (FAPESP 2014/50871-0; CNPq 465511/2014-7). MFGVP is funded by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico (CNPq, Grant 31745/2021-1). FMA was financed by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, Financing code 001), and LS by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG).
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FMA and LS conceived research, performed experiments, analyzed and interpreted data, wrote the manuscript. MFGVP conceived research, secured funding and wrote the manuscript. APF and JMSB conducted gas chromatographic analyses, analyzed and interpreted data, and secured funding of the analyses. AM conducted liquid chromatographic analyses, interpreted data, and secured funding of the analyses. All authors revised and approved the manuscript.
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Andrade, F.M., Sales, L., Favaris, A.P. et al. Identity Matters: Multiple Herbivory Induces Less Attractive or Repellent Coffee Plant Volatile Emission to Different Natural Enemies. J Chem Ecol 49, 696–709 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-023-01454-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-023-01454-x