Abstract
Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Q-fly), is a major pest of horticultural crops in eastern Australia. Lures that attract male Q-fly are important for detection of incursions and outbreaks, monitoring of populations, and control by mass trapping and male annihilation. Cuelure, an analog of naturally occurring raspberry ketone, is the standard Q-fly lure, but it has limited efficacy compared with lures that are available for some other fruit flies such as methyl eugenol for B. dorsalis. Melolure is a more recently developed raspberry ketone analog that has shown better attraction than cuelure in some field studies but not in others. A novel fluorinated analog of raspberry ketone, raspberry ketone trifluoroacetate (RKTA), has been developed as a potential improvement on cuelure and melolure. RKTA placed on laboratory cages containing 2-week-old Q-flies elicited strong behavioral responses from males. Quantification of Q-fly responses in these cages, using digital images to estimate numbers of flies aggregated near different lures, showed RKTA attracted and arrested significantly more flies than did cuelure or melolure. RKTA shows good potential as a new lure for improved surveillance and control of Q-fly.
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Acknowledgments
The authors thank Andrew Jessup, Lori Carvalho, Janice Nagata, Anca Chirvasuta, Erika Babikow, and Ian Koons for assistance with bioassays and chemical synthesis. This project was funded by Horticulture Innovation Australia Limited using the Summerfruit, Citrus, Vegetables, and Rubus levy and funds from the Australian Government.
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Figure S1
Lure response bioassay at New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Central Coast Primary Industries Centre, Ourimbah. (a) Experimental setup showing fly cage, filter papers with lure compounds (indicated by arrows), and image capture equipment. (b) Close-up showing cameras (indicated by arrows). (DOCX 1.33 mb)
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Siderhurst, M.S., Park, S.J., Buller, C.N. et al. Raspberry Ketone Trifluoroacetate, a New Attractant for the Queensland Fruit Fly, Bactrocera Tryoni (Froggatt). J Chem Ecol 42, 156–162 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-016-0673-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-016-0673-3