Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Health Behaviors of Childhood Cancer Survivors: What We’ve Learned

  • Published:
Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings Aims and scope Submit manuscript

There has been a dramatic increase in the number of childhood cancer survivors due to improved cancer treatments. However, these survivors are at risk for numerous late-effects as a result of their cancer therapy. Engaging in health-protective behaviors and limiting risky health behaviors are vitally important for survivors given their increased risks and physical late-effects. For this paper, we systematically reviewed the literature on childhood cancer survivors’ health behaviors by searching for published data and conference proceedings using computerized databases and references, and summarized these results. We examined the literature describing the prevalence of a variety of health behaviors among survivors, identifying significant covariates, and describing health behavior interventions. Finally, we provided research recommendations and discussed an ongoing study designed to address some of the limitations in the existing literature. The research to date is limited and recommendations for future studies are outlined.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  • Ajzen, I. (2002). Perceived behavioral control, self-efficacy, locus of control, and the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(4), 665–683.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • American Cancer Society (2000). Cancer Facts and Figures, 2000. Atlanta, Georgia: American Cancer Society.

  • American Cancer Society (2005). Cancer facts and figures Atlanta, Georgia: American Cancer Society.

  • Barnes, G., & Welte, J. (1986). Patterns and predictors of alcohol use among 7–12th grade students in New York State. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 47(1), 53–62.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barnes, G., Welte, J., & Dintcheff, B. (1993). Decline in alcohol use among 7–12th grade students in News York State 1983–1990, Alcoholism Clinical Experimental Research, 17, 797–801.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bessonnette, M., & Contento, I. (2001). Adolescent’s perspective and food choice behaviors in terms of the environmental impact of food production practices: application of a psychological model. Journal of Nutrition Education, 33(2), 72–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhatia, S., Robison, L., Oberlin, O., Greenberg, M., Bunin, G., Fossati-Bellani, F., et al. (1996). Breast cancer and other second neoplasms after childhood Hodgkin’s disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 334(12), 745–751.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Black, P., Straaten, A., & Gutjahr, P. (1998). Secondary thyroid carcinoma after treatment for childhood cancer. Medical and Pediatric Oncology, 3(2), 91–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blalock, S., DeVellis, B., & Afifi, R. (1990). Risk perceptions and participation in colorectal cancer screening. Health Psychology, 87, 71–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butterfield, R., Park, E., Puleo, E., Mertens, A., Gritz, E., Li, F., et al. (2004). Multiple isk behaviors among smokers in the childhood cancer survivors study cohort. Psycho-Oncology, 13(9), 619–629.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bruvold, W. (1993). A meta-analysis of adolescent smoking prevention programs. American Journal of Public Health, 83, 872–880.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Byrd, R. (1985). Late effects of treatment of cancer in children. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 32(3), 835–57.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chassin, L., Presson, C. C., & Sherman, S. J. (1990). The natural history of cigarette smoking:Predicting young-adult smoking outcomes for adolescent smoking patterns. Health Psychology, 9, 701–716.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chassin, L., Presson, C., Rose, J., & Sherman, S. (1996). The natural history of cigarette smoking from adolescence to adulthood: Demographic predictors of continuity and change. Health Psychology, 15(6), 478–484.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, R., Brownell, K., & Felix, M. (1990). Age and sex differences in health habits and beliefs of schoolchildren. Health Psychology, 9(2), 208–224.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Conner, M., Norman, P., & Bell, R. (2002). The theory of planned behavior and healthy eating. Health Psychology, 21, 194–201.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Conrad, K., Flay, B., & Hill, D. (1992). Why children start smoking cigarettes: Predictors of onset. British Journal of Addiction, 87(12), 1711–1724.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coups, E. J., & Ostroff, J. S. (2005). A population-based estimate of the prevalence of behavioral risk factors among adult cancer survivors and non-cancer controls. Preventive Medicine, 40, 702–711.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cox, C., McLaughlin, R., Rai, S., Steen, B., & Hudson, M. (2005). Adolescent survivors: A secondary analysis of a clinical trial targeting behavior change. Pediatric Blood and Cancer, 45(2), 144–154.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Corkery, J., Li, F., McDonald, J., Hanley, J., Holmes, G., & Holmes, F. (1979). Kids who really shouldn’t smoke. New England Journal of Medicine, 300(22), 1279.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • D’Angio, G. (1982).The child cured of cancer: A problem for the internist. Seminars in Oncology, 9, 143–49.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • D’Angio, G. (1983). Early and delayed complications of therapy. Cancer, 51, 2515–2518.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DeVries, H., Backbier, E., Koh, G., & Dijkstra, M. (1995). The impact of social influence in the context of attitude, self-efficacy, intention, and previous behavior as predictors of smoking onset. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 25, 237–257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Wit, P., de Vaan, G., de Boo, T., Lemmens, W., Rampen, F. (1990). Prevalence of naevocytic naevi after chemotherapy for childhood cancer. Medical and Pediatric Oncology, 18(4), 336–338.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Didi, M., Didcock, E., Davies, H., Ogilvy-Stuart, A., Wales, J., & Shalet, S. (1995). High incidence of obesity in young adults after treatment of ALL in childhood. Journal of Pediatrics, 127, 63–67.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eckhardt, L., Woodruff, S., & Elder, J. (1994). A longitudinal analysis of adolescent smoking and its correlates. The Journal of School Health, 64, 767–772.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emmons, K., Butterfield, R., Puleo, E., Park, E., Mertens, A., Gritz, E., et al. (2003). Smoking among participants in the childhood cancer survivors cohort: The partnership for health study. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 21(2), 189–196.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Emmons, K., Li, F., Whitton, J., Mertens, A., Hutchinson, R., Diller, L., et al. (2002). Predictors of smoking initiation and cessation among childhood cancer survivors: A report from the childhood cancer survivor study. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 20(6), 1608–1616.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fiore, M. (1992). Trends in cigarette smoking in the United States. Medical Clinics of North America, 76, 289–303.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garre, M., Gandus, S., & Cesana, B. (1994). Health status of long-term survivors after cancer in childhood. Results on an uniinstitutional study in Italy. American Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 16, 143–152.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glover, D., Guo, M., Weiss, R., Zeltzer, L., Powers, A., Byrne, J., et al. (1998). Alcohol use among young adult survivors of childhood cancer. Proceedings of the Society of Behavioral Medicine 19th Annual Scientific Sessions.

  • Granowetter, L. (1994). Pediatric oncology: A medical overview. In D. J. Bearison & R. K. Mulhern (Eds.), Pediatric psychooncology (pp. 9–34). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, D. (1993). Effects of treatment for childhood cancer on vital organ systems. Cancer, Supplment, 15(71), 3299–3305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg, H., Kazak, A., Meadows, A. (1989). Psychologic functioning in 8–16-year-old cancer survivors and their parents. Journal of Pediatrics, 114(3), 488–493.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hagger, M., Chatzisarantis, N., & Biddle, S. (2002). The influence of autonomous and controlling motives on physical activity intentions within the Theory of Planned Behavior. British Journal of Health Psychology, 7, 299–316.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harari, P., O’Connor, N., Fiore, M., & Kinsella, T. (1995). Radiation oncologists can assist head and neck cancer patients with smoking cessation. International Journal of Radiation oncology, Biology, Physics, 31, 645–649.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haupt, R., Byrne, J., Connelly, R., Mostow, E., Austin, D., Holmes, G., et al. (1992). Smoking habits in survivors of childhood cancer. Medical and Pediatric Oncology, 20, 301–306.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, A. J., & Boudreau, F. (1999). Prediction of intention to use cigarettes among high-school students: An application of the theory of planned behavior. Science et Comportement, 27, 53–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, A. J., Boudreau, F., Amyot, E., Dery, D., & Godin, G. (1997). Predicting the stages of smoking acquisition according to the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Adolescent Health, 21, 107–115.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hillhouse, J. J., Adler, C. M., Drinnon, J., & Turrisi, R. (1997). Application of Azjen’s theory of planned behavior to predict sunbathing, tanning salon use, and sunscreen use intentions and behaviors. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 20(4), 365–378.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hollen, P. (2000). A clinical profile to predict decision making, risk behaviors, clinical status, and health-related quality of life for cancer-surviving adolescents. Part 1. Cancer Nursing, 23, 247–257.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hollen, P. J., & Hobbie, W. L. (1993). Risk taking and decision making of adolescent long-term survivors of cancer. Oncology Nursing Forum, 20, 769–776.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hollen, P. J., & Hobbie, W. L. (1996). Decision making and risk behaviors of cancer-surviving adolescents and their peers. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, 13, 121–134.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hollen, P. J., Hobbie, W. L., & Finley, S. M. (1999). Testing the effects of a decision-making and risk-reducing program for cancer-surviving adolescents. Oncology Nursing Forum, 269, 1475–1486.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hollen, P. J., Hobbie, W. L., Finley, S. M., & Hiebert, S. M. (2001). The relationship of resiliency to decision making and risk behaviors of cancer-surviving adolescents. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, 18, 188–204.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hudson, M. M., Mertens, A. C., Yasui, Y., Hobbie, W., Chen, H., Gurney, J. G., et al. (2003). Health status of adult long-term survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the childhood cancer survivor study. Journal of the American Medical Association, 290(12), 1583–1592.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hudson, M., Tye, V., Jayawardene, D., Gattuso, J., Quargnenti, A., Greenwald, C., et al. (1999). Feasibility of implementing health promotion interventions to improve health-related quality of life. International Journal of Cancer, 83(S12), 138–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hudson, M. M., Tyc, V. L., Srivastava, D. K., Gattuso, J., Quargnenti, A., Crom, D. B., et al. (2002). Multi-component behavioral intervention to promote health protective behaviors in childhood cancer survivors: The protect study. Medical and Pediatric Oncology, 39(1), 1–2, discussion 2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, B. R., Cunliffe, W. J., & Bailey, C. C. (1989). Excess benign melanocytic naevi after chemotherapy for malignancy in childhood. British Medical Journal, 299, 88–91.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, K. M., & Aiken, L. S. (2000). A psychosocial model of sun protection and sunbathing in young women: the impact of health beliefs, attitudes, norms, and self-efficacy for sun protection. Health Psychology, 195, 469–78.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Jessor, R. (1984). Adolescent development and behavioral health. In J. D. Matarazzo, S. M. Weiss, J. A. Herd, C. Weiss, & N. E. Miller (Eds.), Behavioral health: A handbook of health enhancement and disease prevention. New York, NY: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katz, E. R., & Varni, J. W. (1993). Social support and social cognitive problem-solving with children with newly diagnosed cancer, Cancer, 71, 3314–3315.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kerner, M. S., & Grossman, A. H. (1998). Attitudinal, social, and practical correlates to fitness behavior: A test of the theory of planned behavior. Perception and Motor Skills, 87(3 Pt 2), 1139–1154.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kreuter, M. W., & Strecher, V. J. (1995). Changing inaccurate perceptions of health risk: Results from a randomized trial. Health Psychology, 14, 56–63.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • La Greca, A. M., Prinstein, M. J., & Fetter, M. D. (2001). Adolescent peer crowd affiliation: Linkages with health-risk behaviors and close friendships. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 26(3), 131–143.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Larcombe, I., Mott, M., & Hunt, L. (2002). Lifestyle behaviors of young adult survivors of childhood cancer. British Journal of Cancer, 87, 1204–1209.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lien, N., Lytle, L. A., & Komro, K. A. (2002). Applying theory of planned behavior to fruit and vegetable consumption of young adolescents. American Journal of Health Promotion, 16(4), 189–97.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lipshultz, S., Colan, S., Gelber, R., Perez-Atayde, A., Sallan, S., & Sanders, S. (1991). Late cardiac effects of doxorubicin therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood. New England Journal of Medicine, 324(12), 843–845.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maggs, J. L., Schulenberg, J., & Hurrelmann, K. (1997). Developmental transitions during adolescence: Health promotion implications. In J. Schulenberg, J. L. Maggs, & K. Hurrelmann (Eds.), Health risks and developmental transitions during adolescence (pp. 522–546). New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, S. C., Jacobsen, P. B., Lucas, D. J., Branch, K. A., & Ferron, J. M. (1999). Predicting children’s sunscreen use: Application of the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior. Preventive Medicine, 29(1), 37–44.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maxi, V., Meadows, A. T., & D’Angio, G. J. (1982). Incidence of second malignant neoplasms in children: Results of an international study. Lancet, 2, 1326–1331.

    Google Scholar 

  • McBride, C. M., & Ostroff, J. S. (2003). Teachable moments for promoting smoking cessation: The context of cancer care and survivorship. Cancer Control, 10(4), 325–333.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meadows, A. T., & Silber, J. (1985). Delayed consequences of therapy for childhood cancer. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 35(5), 271–286.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meister, L., & Meadows, A. (1993). Late effects of childhood cancer therapy. Current Problems in Pediatrics, 23(3), 102–131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mike, V., Meadows, A. T., & D’Angio, G. J. (1982). Incidence of second malignant neoplasms in children: Results of an international study. Lancet, 2, 1326–1331.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Millstein, S. G., Irwin, C. E., Adler, N. E., Cohn, L. D., Kegeles, S. M., & Dolcini, M. M. (1992). Health-risk behaviors and health concerns among young adolescents. Pediatrics, 89, 422–428.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Minino, A. M., & Smith, B. L. (2001). Deaths: Preliminary data for 2000. National Vital Statistics Report, 49(12), 1–40.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moss, A. J., Allen, K. F., & Giovino, G. A. (1995). Recent trends in adolescent smoking, smoking uptake correlates and expectations about the future. Hyattsville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics.

  • Motl, R. W., Dishman, R. K., Ward, D. S., Saunders, R. P., Dowda, M., Felton, G., et al. (2002). Examining social-cognitive determinants of intention and physical activity among black and white adolescent girls using structural equation modeling. Health Psychology, 21(5), 459–467.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mulhern, R. K., Tyc, V. L., Phipps, S., Crom, D., Barclay, D., Greenwald, C., et al. (1995). Health-related behaviors of survivors of childhood cancer. Medical and Pediatric Oncology, 25, 159–165.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, W. G., & Brubaker, R. G. (1990). Effects of a brief theory-based intervention on the practice of testicular self-examination by high school males. Journal of School Health, 60(9), 459–462.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neglia, J., Meadows, A., Robison, L., Kim, T., Newton, W., Ruymann, F., et al. (1991). Second neoplasms after acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood. New England Journal of Medicine, 325, 1330–1336.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newcomb, M. D., Maddahian, E., Skager, R., & Bentler, P. M. (1987). Substance abuse and psychosocial risk factors among teenagers. Associations with sex, age, ethnicity, and type of school. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 13, 413–433.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.

  • O’Callaghan, F. V., Callan, V. J., & Baglioni, A. (1999). Cigarette use by adolescents: Attitude-behavior relationships. Substance Use and Misuse, 34(3), 455–468.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Odame, I., Reilly, J. J., Gibson, B. E., & Donaldson, M. D. (1994). Patterns of obesity in boys and girls after treatment for ALL. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 71, 147–149.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oeffinger, K. C., Buchanan, G. R., Eshelman, D. A., Denke, M. A., Andrews, T. C., Germak, J. A., et al. (2001). Cardiovascular risk factors in young adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology: Official Journal of the American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, 23(7), 424–430.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oeffinger, K. C., Eshelman, D. A., Tomlinson, G. E., Tolle, M., & Schneider, G. W. (2000). Providing primary care for long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Journal of Family Practice, 49(12), 1133–1146.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oeffinger, K. C., Mertens, A. C., Hudson, M. M., Gurney, J. G., Casillas, J., & Chen, H., et al. (2004). Health care of young adult survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the childhood cancer survivor study. Annals of Family Medicine, 2(1), 61–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oygard, L., & Rise, J. (1996). Predicting the intention to eat healthier foods among young adults. Health Education Research, 11(4), 453–461.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pinto, B., Eakin, E., & Maruyama, N. C. (2000). Health behavior changes after a cancer diagnosis: What do we know and where do we go from here? Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 22, 38–52.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Presson, C. C., Chassin, L., Sherman, S. H., Olshavsky, R., Bensenberg, M., & Corty, E. (1984). Predictors of adolescents’ intentions to smoke: Age, sex, race and regional differences. The International Journal of the Addictions, 19, 503–519.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ries, L. A. G., Eisner, M. P., Kosary, C. L., Hankey, B. F., Miller, B. A., Clegg, L., et al. (2003). SEER cancer statistics review, 1975–2000. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robison, L. L., & Mertens, A. (1993). Second tumors after treatment of childhood malignancies. Hematology Oncology Clinics North America, 114(3), 488–493.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robison, L., Mertens, A., Boice, J. D., Breslow, N. E., Donaldson, S. S., Green, D., et al. (2002) Study design and cohort characteristics of the childhood cancer survivor study: A multi institutional collaborative project. Medical and Pediatric Oncology, 38, 229–239.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, N. J., Tweeddale, P. M., & Eden, O. B. (1989). Pulmonary function in childhood leukemia survivors. Medical and Pediatric Oncology, 17, 149–154.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siemiatycki, J., Krewski, D., Franco, E., & Kaiserman, M. (1995). Associations between cigarette smoking and each of 21 types of cancer: a multi-site case-control study. International Journal of Epidemiology, 24, 504–514.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sklar, C., Whitton, J., Mertens, A., Stovall, M., Green, D., Marina, N., et al. (2000). Abnormalities of the thyroid in survivors of Hodgkin’s disease: data from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 85(9), 3327–3332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, M. C., Mahler, H., & Parkes, S. (1998). The health status of adult survivors of cancer in childhood. European Journal of Cancer, 34, 694–698.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tao, M. L., Guo, M. D., Weiss, R., Byrne, J., Mills, J. L., & Robison, L. L. (1998). Smoking in adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 90, 219–225.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, C. B., Miller, N. H., Herman, S., Smith, P. M., Sobel, D., & Fisher, L. (1996). A nurse managed smoking cessation program for hospitalized smokers. American Journal of Public Health, 86(11), 1557–1560.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tercyak, K. P., Nicolas, M., Councill, T., Prahlad, S., Taylor, K. L., & Shad, A. T. (2004). Brief report: health beliefs among survivors of childhood cancer. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 29(5), 397–402.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tercyak, K. P., Donze, J. R., Prahlad, S., Mosher, R. B., & Shad, A. T. (2005). Multiple behavioral risk factors among adolescent survivors of childhood cancer in the survivor health and resilience education (SHARE) program. Pediatric Blood Cancer, 1–6.

  • Terre, L., Drabman, R. S., Meydrech, D. F., & Hsu, H. S. H. (1992). Relationship between peer status and health behaviors. Adolescence, 27, 595–609.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Terre, L., Ghiselli, W., Taloney, L., & DeSouza, E. (1992). Demographics, affect, and adolescents’ health behaviors. Adolescence, 27, 14–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trichopoulous, D., & Willett, W. C. (1996). Nutrition and cancer. Cancer Causes and Control, 7, 3–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Troyer, H., & Holmes, G. E. (1988). Cigarette smoking among childhood cancer survivors. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 142, 123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, R. A., Irwin, C. E., Tschann, J. M., & Millstein, S. G. (1993). Autonomy, relatedness, and the initiation of health risk behaviors in early adolescence. Health Psychology, 12, 200–208.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tyc, V. L., Rai, S., Lensing, S., Klosky, J., Stewart, D., & Gattuso, J. (2003). Intervention to reduce intentions to use tobacco among pediatric cancer survivors. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 21, 1366–1372.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tyc, V. L., Hadley, W., & Crockett, G. (2001a). Brief report: Predictors of intentions to use tobacco among adolescent survivors of cancer. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 26, 117–121.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tyc, V. L., Hadley, W., & Crockett, G. (2001b). Prediction of health behaviors in pediatric cancer survivors. Medical and Pediatric Oncology, 37, 42–46.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tyc, V. L., Hudson, M. M., & Hinds, P. (1999). Health promotion interventions for adolescent cancer survivors. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 6, 128–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1994). Preventing tobacco use among young people. A report of the Surgeon General, Atlanta, Georgia: Public Heath Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office on Smoking and Health (U.S. Government Printing Office Publication No S/N 017-001-00491-0).

  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). (2000). Tracking Healthy People 2010. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vassilopoulou-Sellin, R., Brosnan, P., Delpassand, A., Zietz, H., Klein, M. J., Jaffe, N. (1999). Osteopenia in young adult survivors of childhood cancer. Medical Pediatric Oncology, 32(4), 272–278.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Verrill, J. R., Schafer, J., Vannatta, K., & Noll, R. B. (2000). Aggression, antisocial behavior, and substance abuse in survivors of pediatric cancer: Possible protective effects of cancer and its treatment. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 25, 493–502.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vonderweid, N., Beck, D., Caflisch, U., Feldges, A., Wyss, M., & Wagner, H. P. (1996). Standardized assessment of late effects in long-term survivors of childhood cancer in Switzerland: Results of a Swiss pediatric oncology group (SPOG) pilot study. International Journal of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 3, 184–490.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warner, J. T., & Gregory, J. W. (1995). Patterns of obesity in boys and girls after treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 72, 97.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weed, D. L. (1997). Methodologic guidelines for review papers. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 89, 6–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein, N. D. (1993). Testing four competing theories of health-protective behavior. Health Psychology, 12, 324–355.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Willett, W. C., & Trichopoulos, D. (1996). Summary of the evidence: nutrition and cancer. Cancer Causes and Control, 7, 178–180.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Windle, M., Barnes, G. M., & Welte, J. (1989). Causal models of adolescent substance use: An examination of gender differences using distribution-free estimators. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(1), 132–142.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yeatzel, M. W., Oeffinger, K. C., Gurney, J. G., Mertens, A. C., Hudson, M. M., Emmons, K. M., et al. (2003). The cancer screening practices of adult survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the childhood cancer survivor study. Cancer, 100(3), 631–640.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This work was Supported by grant R03-CA-101514 from the National Cancer Institute. We would like to thank Anne Gancarz for her assistance with this manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, 10021, USA

    Jennifer S. Ford PhD & Jamie S. Ostroff

  2. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York, 10021, USA

    Jennifer S. Ford PhD

Authors
  1. Jennifer S. Ford PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jamie S. Ostroff
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jennifer S. Ford PhD.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ford, J.S., Ostroff, J.S. Health Behaviors of Childhood Cancer Survivors: What We’ve Learned. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 13, 144–160 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10880-006-9014-y

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10880-006-9014-y

Key Words

Search

Navigation