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Variations in surface ozone and NOx at Kannur: a tropical, coastal site in India

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Abstract

Continuous measurements of surface ozone (O3), NOx (NO + NO2) and meteorological parameters have been made in Kannur (11.9 °N, 75.4 °E, 5 m asl), India from November 2009 to October 2010. It was observed that O3 and NOx showed distinct diurnal and seasonal variabilities at this site. The annual average diurnal profile of O3 showed a peak of (30.3 ± 10.4) ppbv in the late afternoon and a minimum of (3.2 ± 0.7) ppbv in the early morning. The maximum value of O3 mixing ratio was observed in winter (44 ± 3.1) ppbv and minimum during monsoon (18.46 ± 3.5) ppbv. The rate of production of O3 was found to be higher in December (10.1 ppbv/h) and lower in July (1.8 ppbv/h) during the time interval 0800–1000 h. A correlation coefficient of 0.52 for the relationship between O3 and [NO2]/[NO] reveals the role of NO2 photolysis that generates O3 at this site. The correlation between O3 and meteorological parameters indicate the influence of seasonal changes on O3 production. Investigations were further extended to explore the week day weekend variations in O3 mixing ratio at an urban site reveals the enhancement of O3. The variations of O3 mixing ratio with seasonal air mass flows were elucidated with the aid of backward air trajectories. This study also indicates how vapor phase organic species present in the ambient air at this location may influence the complex chemistry involving (VOCs) that enhances the production of O3 at this location.

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Acknowledgments

The observations are carried out under the consistent financial support from ISRO-GBP through AT-CTM program. Authors are grateful to Professor Shyam Lal, Physical Research Laboratory Ahmedabad for his keen interest in this programme. The authors are indebted to Professor R. Ravikrishna, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Madras, India for conducting vapor phase organic analysis and fruitful discussions. One of the authors, (Nishanth.T) expresses his gratitude to Indian Space Research Organization for awarding Senior Research Fellowship under ISRO-GBP (ATCTM) programme. Critical suggestions and comments from the anonymous reviewers are greatly appreciated. Prof. Valsaraj was partially supported by a US National Science Foundation grant (AGS-1106569).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Atmospheric Science, Kannur University, Kannur, India, 670 567

    T. Nishanth & M. K. Satheesh Kumar

  2. Department of Physics, Government Brennen College, Thalassery, India, 670 106

    T. Nishanth & M. K. Satheesh Kumar

  3. Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA

    K. T. Valsaraj

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  1. T. Nishanth
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  2. M. K. Satheesh Kumar
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  3. K. T. Valsaraj
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Correspondence to T. Nishanth.

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Nishanth, T., Satheesh Kumar, M.K. & Valsaraj, K.T. Variations in surface ozone and NOx at Kannur: a tropical, coastal site in India. J Atmos Chem 69, 101–126 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-012-9234-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-012-9234-5

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