Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Evaluation of air-sea sensible and latent heat fluxes over the Japan Sea obtained from satellite, atmospheric reanalysis, and objective analysis products

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Oceanography Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In order to evaluate the air-sea sensible and latent heat fluxes (SHF and LHF, respectively) over the Japan Sea obtained from satellite-derived, atmospheric reanalysis, and objective analysis products, we conducted an intercomparison of climatological monthly mean fields and a validation of the daily means with in situ observations. As a result, we found significant differences in the climatological mean fields of SHF in products during the winter. The SHF values from the Japanese Ocean Flux Data Sets with Use of Remote Sensing Observations version 2 (J-OFURO2) showed finer-scale spatial structures, large values near the coastal regions, and small values over the center of the Japan Sea. From a comparison with in situ observations, we concluded that J-OFURO2 SHF has better performance compared with the other global products. The differences in LHF in the products are not so large compared with the results for SHF. However, in a comparison between the satellite-derived products and the others, the representations of the frontal features associated with the sub-polar front and the Tsushima warm current were different. A comparison in the near-coastal region showed that application of the creeping-sea-fill technique used in J-OFURO2 provided appropriate data in the region and succeeded in reducing the adverse effects from land contamination encountered when using coarse atmospheric reanalysis data.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Andersson A, Fenning K, Klepp C, Bakan S, Graßl H, Schulz J (2010) The Hamburg ocean atmosphere parameters and fluxes from satellite data—HOAPS-3, earth system science data 2. doi: 10.5194/essd-2-215-2010

  • Andersson A, Klepp C, Fennig K, Bakan S, Grassl H, Schulz J (2011) Evaluation of HOAPS-3 ocean surface freshwater flux components. J Appl Meteor Climatol 50(2):379–398. doi:10.1175/2010jamc2341.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Casey KS (2004) Global AVHRR 4 km SST for 1985–2001, Pathfinder v5.0, NODC Accession Numbers 0001763–0001864: pathfinder AVHRR pathfinder AVHRR Version 5.0, NODC/RSMAS, NOAA National Oceanographic Data Center, Silver Spring, Maryland

  • Fairall CW, Bradley EF, Rogers DP, Edson JB, Young GS (1996) Bulk parameterization of air-sea fluxes for Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment. J Geophys Res Oceans 101:3747–3764

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fairall CW, Bradley EF, Hare JE, Grachev AA, Edson JB (2003) Bulk parameterization of air-sea fluxes: updates and verification for the COARE algorithm. J Climate 16:571–591

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hirose N, Kim CH, Yoon JH (1996) Heat budget in the Japan Sea. J Oceanogr 52:553–574

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Isoda Y (1994) Warm eddy movements in the eastern Japan Sea. J Oceanogr 50:1–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kalnay E, Kanamitsu M, Kistler R, Collins W, Deaven D, Gandin L, Iredell M, Saha S, White G, Woollen J, Zhu Y, Chelliah M, Ebisuzaki W, Higgins W, Janowiak J, Mo KC, Ropelewski C, Wang J, Leetmaa A, Reynolds R, Jenne R, Joseph D (1996) The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 77:437–471

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kanamitsu M, Ebisuzaki W, Woollen J, Yang SK, Hnilo JJ, Fiorino M, Potter GL (2002) NCEP-DOE AMIP-II reanalysis (R-2). Bull Am Meteorol Soc 83:1631–1643

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kara AB, Wallcraft AJ, Barron CN, Hurlburt HE, Bourassa MA (2008) Accuracy of 10 m winds from satellites and NWP products near land-sea boundaries. J Geophys Res Oceans 113. doi: 10.1029/2007JC004516

  • Kawamura H, Wu PM (1998) Formation mechanism of Japan sea proper water in the flux center off Vladivostok. J Geophys Res Oceans 103:21611–21622

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kobayashi S, Ota Y, Harada Y, Ebita A, Moriya M, Onoda H, Onogi K, Kamahori H, Kobayashi C, Endo H, Miyaoka K, Takahashi K (2015) The JRA-55 reanalysis: general specifications and basic characteristics. J Meteorol Soc Jpn 93(1):5–48. doi:10.2151/jmsj.2015-001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kubota M, Iwasaka N, Kizu S, Konda M, Kutsuwada K (2002) Japanese ocean flux data sets with use of remote sensing observations (J-OFURO). J Oceanogr 58(1):213–225

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kubota M, Kano A, Muramatsu H, Tomita H (2003) Intercomparison of various surface latent heat flux fields. J Climate 16:670–678

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kurihara Y, Sakurai T, Kuragano T (2006) Global daily sea surface temperature analysis using data from satellite microwave radiometer, satellite infrared radiometer and in situ observations. Weather Bull 73:1–18 (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Park KA, Chung JY, Kim K (2004) Sea surface temperature fronts in the East (Japan) Sea and temporal variations. Geophys Res Lett 31(7). doi:10.1029/2004gl019424

  • Senjyu T, Aramaki T, Otosaka S, Togawa O, Danchenkov M, Karasev E, Volkov Y (2002) Renewal of the bottom water after the winter 2000–2001 may spin-up the thermohaline circulation in the Japan Sea. Geophys Res Lett 29(7). doi:10.1029/2001GL014093

  • Shimada T, Kawamura H (2006) Satellite observations of sea surface temperature and sea surface wind coupling in the Japan Sea. J Geophys Res Oceans 111(C8). doi:10.1029/2005jc003345

  • Shimada T, Kawamura H (2008) Satellite evidence of wintertime atmospheric boundary layer responses to multiple SST fronts in the Japan Sea. Geophys Res Lett 35(23). doi:10.1029/2008gl035810

  • Sudo H (1986) A note on the Japan Sea proper water. Prog Oceanogr 17:313–336

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tanimoto Y, Nakamura H, Kagimoto T, Yamane S (2003) An active role of extratropical sea surface temperature anomalies in determining anomalous turbulent heat flux. J Geophys Res Oceans 108. doi:10.1029/2002JC001750

  • Taylor PK (2000) Intercomparison and validation of ocean-atmosphere energy flux fields, Joint WCRP/SCOR Working Group on Air Sea Fluxes Rep. WCRP-112:305

  • Taylor KE (2001) Summarizing multiple aspects of model performance in a single diagram. J Geophys Res Atmos 106(D7). doi:10.1029/2000jd900719

  • Tomita H, Kubota M, Cronin MF, Iwasaki S, Konda M, Ichikawa H (2010) An assessment of surface heat fluxes from J-OFURO2 at the KEO and JKEO sites. J Geophys Res Oceans 115(C03018). doi:10.1029/2009JC005545

  • Wentz FJ (1997) A well-calibrated ocean algorithm for special sensor microwave/imager. J Geophys Res Oceans 102:8703–8718

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Worley SJ, Woodruff SD, Reynolds RW, Lubker SJ, Lott N (2005) ICOADS release 2.1 data and products. Int J Climatol 25:823–842

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yu LS, Weller RA (2007) Objectively analyzed air-sea heat fluxes for the global ice-free oceans (1981–2005). Bull Am Meteorol Soc 88(4):527–539

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yu LJ, Zhang ZH, Zhong SY, Zhou MY, Gao ZQ, Wu HD, Sun B (2011) An inter-comparison of six latent and sensible heat flux products over the Southern Ocean. Polar Res 30. doi:10.3402/polar.v30i0.10167

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors thank the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Earth System Research Laboratory/Physical Science Division for providing ICOADS and NRA1/2 data. We also thank the World Data Center for Climate for providing HOAPS3 data. The authors thank Dr. Shinsuke Iwasaki and Mr. Tsutomu Hihara, who supported the satellite data analysis for this study in its early stage. This work was partly supported by the Collaborative Research Program of the Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, and the Institute of Oceanic Research and Development, Tokai University.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Aichi, Japan

    Hiroyuki Tomita

  2. Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan

    Tomoharu Senjyu

  3. School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokai University, Orido, Shizuoka, 464-8610, Japan

    Masahisa Kubota

Authors
  1. Hiroyuki Tomita
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Tomoharu Senjyu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Masahisa Kubota
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hiroyuki Tomita.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Tomita, H., Senjyu, T. & Kubota, M. Evaluation of air-sea sensible and latent heat fluxes over the Japan Sea obtained from satellite, atmospheric reanalysis, and objective analysis products. J Oceanogr 72, 747–760 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-016-0368-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-016-0368-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation