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Effectiveness of a telephone delivered and a face-to-face delivered counseling intervention for smoking cessation in patients with coronary heart disease: a 6-month follow-up

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Abstract

Smoking cessation interventions for cardiac patients need improvement given their weak effects on long-term abstinence rates and low compliance by nurses to implementation. This study tested the effectiveness of two smoking cessation interventions against usual care in cardiac patients, and conditional effects for patients’ motivation to quit and socio-economic status (SES). An experimental study was conducted from 2009 to 2012 for which Dutch cardiac patient smokers were assigned to: usual care (UC; n = 245), telephone counseling (TC; n = 223) or face-to-face counseling (FC; n = 157). The three groups were comparable at baseline and had smoked on average 21 cigarettes a day before hospitalization. After six months, interviews occurred to assess self-reported smoking status. Patients in the TC and FC group had significantly higher smoking abstinence rates than patients in the UC group (p ≤ 0.05 at all times). Regression analysis further revealed significant conditional effects of the interventions on smoking abstinence in patients with lower SES, with a larger effect for TC than FC when compared to UC. These findings suggest that intensive counseling is effective in increasing short-term abstinence rates, particularly in patients with lower SES. Future studies need to investigate how patients with higher SES can profit equally from these type of interventions.

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Acknowledgments

This project was supported by a research grant from ZonMw, the Dutch Organization for Health Research and Development (Grant Number: 50-50110-96-524). The authors acknowledge collaboration with the Dutch Expert Centre for Tobacco Control (STIVORO) and collaboration with the hospital offers and cardiac nurses of the Amphia Ziekenhuis (Breda), Atrium Medisch Center (Heerlen), Haga Ziekenhuis (The Hague), Medisch Centrum Haaglanden (Leidschendam), Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (Amsterdam), Twee Steden Ziekenhuis (Tilburg), and VU Medical Center (Amsterdam). Finally, we would like to pronounce a particular thanks to all patients for their participation in this study.

Conflict of interest

All authors state that they have no conflict of interest to disclose, and no conflict of interest with the Dutch Organization for Health Research and Development that sponsored their research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Open University of the Netherlands, Valkenburgerweg 177, PO Box 2960, 6401 DL, Heerlen, The Netherlands

    Nadine Berndt, Catherine Bolman, Aart Mudde & Lilian Lechner

  2. Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Erika Sivarajan Froelicher

  3. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Erika Sivarajan Froelicher

  4. Department of Methodology and Statistics, School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    Math Candel

  5. Department of Health Promotion, School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    Hein de Vries

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  1. Nadine Berndt
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  3. Erika Sivarajan Froelicher
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Correspondence to Nadine Berndt.

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Berndt, N., Bolman, C., Froelicher, E.S. et al. Effectiveness of a telephone delivered and a face-to-face delivered counseling intervention for smoking cessation in patients with coronary heart disease: a 6-month follow-up. J Behav Med 37, 709–724 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-013-9522-9

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