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In vitro study investigating the mechanical properties of acrylic bone cement containing calcium carbonate nanoparticles

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Abstract

A successful total hip replacement has an expected service life of 10–20 years with over 75% of failures due to aseptic loosening which is directly related to cement mantle failure. The aim of the present study was to investigate the addition of nanoparticles of calcium carbonate to acrylic bone cement. It was anticipated that an improvement in mechanical performance of the resultant nanocomposite bone cement would be achieved. A design of experiment approach was adopted to maximise the mechanical properties of the bone cement containing nanoparticles of calcium carbonate and to determine the constituents and preparation methods for which these occur. The selected conditions provided improvements of 21% in energy to maximum load, 10% in elastic modulus, 7% in bending strength and 8% in bending modulus when compared with bone cement without nanoparticles. Although cement containing nanoCaCO3 coated in sodium citrate also enhanced the energy to maximum load by 28% and the elastic modulus by 14% when compared with control cement, it is not recommended as a factor in the production of nanocomposite bone cement due to reduction in the bending properties of the final bone cement.

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Abbreviations

BPO:

Benzoyl peroxide

DDS:

Drug delivery systems

DOE:

Design of experiments

DMPT:

N,N-Dimethyl-para-toluidene

EDX:

Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis

HA:

Hydroxyapatite

MMA:

Methyl methacrylate

nanoBaSO4 :

Nanoparticulate barium sulphate

nanoCaCO3 :

Nanoparticulate calcium carbonate

PMMA:

Polymethyl methacrylate

SA:

Stearic acid

SC:

Sodium citrate

SD:

Standard deviation

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

SPT:

Small punch test

\( \ifmmode\expandafter\bar\else\expandafter\=\fi{X} \) :

Mean

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Acknowledgements

Nanoparticulate calcium carbonate used in the study was kindly provided by Professor Eileen Harkin-Jones of Queen’s University, Belfast.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, BT9 5AH, Belfast, Northern Ireland

    Janet Hill, John Orr & Nicholas Dunne

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  1. Janet Hill
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  2. John Orr
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  3. Nicholas Dunne
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Correspondence to Janet Hill.

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Hill, J., Orr, J. & Dunne, N. In vitro study investigating the mechanical properties of acrylic bone cement containing calcium carbonate nanoparticles. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 19, 3327–3333 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-008-3465-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-008-3465-7

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