Abstract
We prepared interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) composed of a gelatin hydrogel and a HydroThaneTM elastomer to combine the advantages of both polymers into one biomaterial. Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) confirmed the co-existence of the two polymers in the IPNs. Optical light microscopy confirmed hydrogel domains were interspaced into an elastomer network. Hydration and stability studies in aqueous solution showed that, although the IPN biomaterials exhibited stable swelling for more than 30 days, approximately 10% and 50% loss of the hydrogel component were confirmed at room temperature and 37 °C, respectively, using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The swelling study in the serum-containing medium indicated the biomaterials maintained their swelling stability for different periods, depending on the extent of gelatin methacrylation, photoinitiator concentration and incubation temperature. Lastly, the biomaterials exhibited higher failure stress and lower failure strain in a dry state than in a swollen state, and showed limited changes in both stress and strain at room temperature and at 37 °C, in contrast with a decrease at 50 °C. No significant effects of gelatin methacrylation on mechanical properties were noticed. The preparation and characterization methods were well established and formed the basis of further developing the biomaterials.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J. L. DRURY and D. J. MOONEY, Biomaterials 24 (2003) 4337
Y. C. NHO and K. R. PARK, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 85 (2002) 1787
F. ABBASI, H. MIRZADEH and A. KATBAB, Polym. Int. 50 (2001) 1279
R. J. ZDRAHALA and I. J. ZDRAHALA, J. Biomater. Appl. 14 (1999) 67
Z. HU, C. WANG, K. D. NELSON and R. C. EBERHART, ASAIO J. 46 (2000) 431
X. HAN, B. CHEN and F. GUO, IPN around the World, edited by L. H. SPERLING and S. C. KIM (John Wiley & Sons, 1997), p. 241
N. GUPTA and A. K. SRIVASTAVA, Polym. Int. 35 (1994) 109
N. MORIMOTO, Y. IWASAKI, N. NAKABAYASHI and K. ISHIHARA, Biomaterials 23 (2002) 4881
A. K. BAJPAI, J. BAJPAI and S. SHUKLA, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater Med. 14 (2003) 347
M. SANTIN, S. J. HUANG, S. IANNACE, L. AMBROSIO, L. NICOLAIS and G. PELUSO, Biomaterials 17 (1996) 1459
I. GURSEL, C. BALCIK, Y. ARICA, O. AKKUS, N. AKKAS and V. HASIRCI, Biomaterials 19 (1998) 1137
N. WANG, L. ZHANG, Y. LU and Y. DU, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 91 (2004) 332
H. PENG, L. MARTINEAU, P. SHEK and M. MOK, in Proceedings of the 2nd World Union of Wound Healing Societies’ Meeting, Paris, July 2004, p. 185
S. B. LEE, H. W. JEON, Y. W. LEE, Y. M. LEE, K. W. SONG, M. H. PARK, Y. S. NAM and H. C. AHN, Biomaterials 24 (2003) 2503
Y. TABATA and Y. IKADA, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 31 (1998) 287
K. B. DJAGNY, Z. WANG and S. Y. XU, Crit. Rev. Food Sci. 41 (2001) 481
E. SCHACHT, A. V. D. BULCKE, B. DELAEY, J. P. DRAYE, US patent 6458386 B1 (2002)
D. I. LEE, C. URIBE, L. EICHEL, S. KHONSARI, J. BASILLOTE, H. K. PARK, C. C. LI, E. M. MCDOUGALL and R. V. CLAYMAN, J. Urol. 171 (2004) 575
M. CHANGEZ, V. KOUL, B. KRISHNA, A. K. DINDA and V. CHOUDHARY, Biomaterials 25 (2004) 139
B. L. SEAL, T. C. OTERO and A. PANITCH, Mater. Sci. Eng., R. 34 (2001) 147
L. G. GRIFFITH, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 961 (2002) 83
S. RAMAKRISHNA, J. MAYER, E. WINTERMANTEL and K. W. LEONG, Comp. Sci. Tech. 61 (2001) 1189
R.C. CLARK and A. COURTS, in “The Science and technology of gelatin” (Academic Press, 1977) p. 213
L. MARTINEAU and H. T. PENG, DRDC Toronto Technical Report, TR 2005-201
Available at http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/; accessed May 12, 2005
A. -L. DUPONT, J. Chromatogr. A. 950 (2002) 113
R. G. MILLER, C. Q. BOWLES, C. C. CHAPPELOW and J. D. EICK, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 41 (1998) 237
S. H. TEOH, Z. G. TANG and S. RAMAKRISHNA, J. Mater. Sci., Mater. Med. 10 (1999) 343
M. SANTIN, M. A. WASSALL, L. AMBROSIO, L. NICOLAIS, O. PETILLO, G. PELUSO and S. P. DENYER, J. Appl. Biomater. Biomech. 1 (2003) 67
M. H. REICH, J.TEFFENHART, US patent 6177523 B1 (2001)
H. KIM, T. K. KWEI and E. M. PEARCE, in “Kurt C. Frisch Symposium”, University of Detroit, 1988, edited by K. C. Frisch (Technomic Publish Co. Inc., 1988), p. 29
H. LIU and H. SHEARDOWN, Biomaterials 26 (2005) 233
H. L. FRISCH, Prog. Org. Coat. 27 (1996) 67
A. BIGI, G. COJAZZI, S. PANZAVOLTA, K. RUBINI and N. ROVERI, Biomaterials 23 (2002) 4827
O. MIYAWAKI, Y. NORIMATSU, H. KUMAGAI, Y. IRIMOTO, H. KUMAGAI and H. SAKURAI, Biopolymers 70 (2003) 482
P. J. MARTENS, S. J. BRYANT and K. S. ANSETH, Biomacromolecules 4 (2003) 283
A. M. SEIFALIAN, H. J. SALACINSKI, A. TIWARI, A. EDWARDS, S. BOWALD and G. HAMILTON, Biomaterials 24 (2003) 2549
R. L. RENIER and D. H. KOHN, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 34 (1997) 95
N. J. EINERSONA, K. R. STEVENSA and W. J. KAO, Biomaterials 24 (2002) 509
E. van den BOSCH and C. GIELENS, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 32 (2003) 129
V. HASIRCI, K. LEWANDROWSKI, J. D. GRESSER, D. L. WISE and D. J. TRANTOLO, J. Biotechnol. 86 (2001) 135
C. GUIGNOT, N. BETZ, B. LEGENDRE, A. L. MOEL and N. YAGOUBI, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 85 (2002) 1970
J. M. ANDERSON, A. HILTNER, M. J. WIGGINS, M. A. SCHUBERT, T. O. COLLIER, W. J. KAO and A. B. MATHUR, Polym. Int. 46 (1998) 163
Acknowledgments
The authors are indebted to Miss Michelle Mok for her expert technical assistance and Defence Research and Development Canada for support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Peng, H.T., Martineau, L. & Shek, P.N. Hydrogel–elastomer composite biomaterials: 1. Preparation of interpenetrating polymer networks and in vitro characterization of swelling stability and mechanical properties. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 18, 975–986 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-006-0088-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-006-0088-8