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Modified polymer optical fiber sensors for crude oil refractive index monitoring

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Abstract

The oil concentration as a petroleum quality parameter is an eternal mystery that determines the oil value. We report detection of crude oil refractive index (RI) changes by modified polymer optical fiber (POF) sensor which is prepared via removing the majority of cladding part until ~ 100 nm thickness remains followed by the deposition of discontinuous silver (Ag) nanofilm as an inner layer (~ 20 nm thicknesses) and coating with different shapes of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures including nanoparticles and horizontally and vertically oriented nanorods as an outer layer. Upon conversion from ZnO nanoparticles to vertically oriented ZnO nanorods, the rms roughness, optical band gap, and light transmittance are varied from ~ 23 to ~ 346 nm, ~ 3.45 to ~ 3.20 eV, and 31 to 27%, respectively. The higher sensing performance is obtained for the probe coated with vertically aligned ZnO nanorods at near-infrared wavelength and the value for intensity and wavelength sensitivity are 38 dB/RIU and 78 nm/RIU, respectively. This superior performance is originated from deep penetration of evanescent wave, high surface volume ratio, good crystallinity, adhesive interaction with crude oil molecules, large surface roughness, and high-order dispersion.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge Universiti Teknologi Malaysia and Universiti Teknologi Petronas via vote number R.J130000.7609.4C112. The authors would also like to thank Research Management Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, and Frontier Material Research Alliance for the technical support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia

    Zahra Samavati, Alireza Samavati, Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman & Mukhlis A. Rahman

  2. Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Petronas (UTP), 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Malaysia

    Noorhana Yahya

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  1. Zahra Samavati
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  2. Alireza Samavati
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  3. Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
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  4. Noorhana Yahya
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  5. Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
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  6. Mukhlis A. Rahman
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Correspondence to Zahra Samavati or Ahmad Fauzi Ismail.

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Samavati, Z., Samavati, A., Ismail, A.F. et al. Modified polymer optical fiber sensors for crude oil refractive index monitoring. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 31, 12089–12100 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-03754-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-03754-4

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