Abstract
The homogeneous coarse-grained (CG) Cu–Ni alloys with nickel concentrations of 9, 26, 42, and 77 wt% were produced from as-cast ingots by homogenization at 850 °C followed by quenching. The subsequent high-pressure torsion (5 torsions at 5 GPa) leads to the grain refinement (grain size about 100 nm) and to the decomposition of the supersaturated solid solution in the alloys containing 42 and 77 wt% Ni. The lattice spacing of the fine Cu-rich regions in the Cu–77 wt% Ni alloy was measured by the X-ray diffraction (XRD). They contain 28 ± 5 wt% Ni. The amount of the fine Ni-rich ferromagnetic regions in the paramagnetic Cu–42 wt% Ni alloy was estimated by comparing its magnetization with that of fully ferromagnetic Cu–77 wt% Ni alloy. According to the lever rule, these Ni-rich ferromagnetic regions contain about 88 wt% Ni. It means that the high-pressure torsion of the supersaturated Cu–Ni solid solutions produces phases which correspond to the equilibrium solubility limit at 200 ± 40 °C (Cu–77 wt% Ni alloy) and 270 ± 20 °C (Cu–42 wt% Ni alloy). To explain this phenomenon, the concept of the effective temperature proposed by Martin (Phys Rev B 30:1424, 1984) for the irradiation-driven decomposition of supersaturated solid solutions was employed. It follows from this concept that the deformation-driven decomposition of supersaturated Cu–Ni solid solutions proceeds at the mean effective temperature T eff = 235 ± 30 °C. The elevated effective temperature for the high-pressure torsion-driven decomposition of a supersaturated solid solution has been observed for the first time. Previously, only the T eff equal to the room temperature was observed in the Al–Zn alloys.
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Acknowledgements
The investigations were partly supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (contracts 09-03-92481, 09-08-90406 and 11-08-90439) and Israel Ministry of Science (contract 3-5790). Authors cordially thank Prof. A.M. Gusak for stimulating discussions.
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Straumal, B.B., Protasova, S.G., Mazilkin, A.A. et al. Deformation-driven formation of equilibrium phases in the Cu–Ni alloys. J Mater Sci 47, 360–367 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-011-5805-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-011-5805-0