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Adverse Childhood Experiences and Alcohol Use Among U.S.-born and Immigrant Latinx Youth: The Roles of Social Support and Stress Hormones

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Abstract

The biobehavioral correlates of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) among Latinx youth have been strikingly understudied. The purpose of this study was to (1) examine the effects of T-ACEs (e.g., maltreatment, family dysfunction) and E-ACEs (e.g., family deportation, community violence) in alcohol use, (2) test whether social support moderate these associations and (3) explore whether ACEs and alcohol use were related via adrenocortical hormones (i.e., cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone [DHEA]). A total of 100 Latinx youth, between the ages of 13 and 19, participated in this study (53% female). Community samples of United States (U.S.)-born (N = 54) and immigrant Latinx (N = 46) youth provided morning saliva samples and completed self-report questionnaires. Results highlighted that for immigrant youth, social support buffered the effects of E-ACEs on alcohol use, F(9,89) = 3.34, p = 0.01, R2 = 0.25. Although our mediation hypothesis was not supported, the direct effects of T-ACEs (β = 0.25, t (94) = 2.21, p = 0.03) and E-ACES (β = −0.24, t (94) = −2.23, p = 0.03) on DHEA were significant for the entire sample. Preventing maltreatment and reducing community-level adversities seem critical for optimal child development, as exposure to these may increase alcohol use risk and affect HPA Axis functioning. Increasing extrafamilial support may be particularly salient for immigrant Latinx youth, as many experience extended immigration-related periods of separation from family members.

Highlights

  • We studied the biobehavioral correlates of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among U.S.-born and immigrant Latinx youth.

  • For immigrants, support from friends and adults buffered the effect of Expanded ACEs on alcohol use, emphasizing the importance of extrafamilial support.

  • In the total sample, ACEs were significantly related to stress hormone DHEA, highlighting that ACEs can affect HPA axis functioning.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the research assistants who assisted us in the project, including Megan Grabel, Zoe Brown, Sarah Lucas, Jacob Habib, Priyanka Vemuru, Evelyn Mendoza, Isabella Ramsay, Brianna Woods, Anna Johns, and Jacob Feldman. We would also like to thank Linda Vila Passione, Christin McCormick, Michael Thompson, and Lorena Mora-Mowry for supporting our project and for all the work you do for the community. Last, we are most grateful to the Latinx adolescents and families who participated in this study and allowing us to learn from them. The authors would like to dedicate this paper to the memory of Maggie Passione, who showed an infinite amount of resilience despite facing many adversities, much like the youth included in this study.

Author contributions

J.Z.D.: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Writing-original draft, Writing—review and editing, Funding acquisition. M.N.: Conceptualization, Writing—review & editing, Project administration, Funding acquisition. M.S.: Methodology, Supervision, Writing—review and editing. T.G.: Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing—review and editing. F.J. Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing—review and editing, Supervision, Funding acquisition.

Funding

This work was supported by the NIH-NIAAA K08AA029150 (Zhen-Duan), NIH-NIDA R25DA035692 (Zhen-Duan), National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Grant No. 1610397 (Nuñez), LULAC Latino Health Summit Project Grant through the Center for Clinical & Translational Science & Training at the University of Cincinnati (Zhen-Duan & Nuñez), Seeman and Frakes Graduate Student Award at the University of Cincinnati (Zhen-Duan), Graduate Student Fellow award at the University of Cincinnati (Zhen-Duan) and the Research Award from the Hispanic Neuropsychological Society (Zhen-Duan).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford Street Suite 830, Boston, MA, 02114, USA

    Jenny Zhen-Duan

  2. Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA, 02215, USA

    Jenny Zhen-Duan

  3. Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, 66 Corry Blvd, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA

    Miguel Nuñez, Matia B. Solomon & Farrah Jacquez

  4. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 2631 Erie Ave, Suite 3, Cincinnati, OH, 45208, USA

    Thomas Geracioti

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  1. Jenny Zhen-Duan
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Correspondence to Jenny Zhen-Duan.

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Zhen-Duan, J., Nuñez, M., Solomon, M.B. et al. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Alcohol Use Among U.S.-born and Immigrant Latinx Youth: The Roles of Social Support and Stress Hormones. J Child Fam Stud 32, 3568–3580 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-023-02550-y

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