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Feasibility of waste-free use of microalgae in aquaculture

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Abstract

Following the circular bioeconomy approach, this study shows the possibility of effective microalgal bioremediation of aquaculture wastewater integrated with the production of protein-rich biomass, which can be used as a feed additive. Screening was carried out among strains of Chlorella vulgaris BB-2, Parachlorella kessleri Bh-2 and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii C-124 with the aim of selecting the strain which is characterized by high indicators of growth in the fish farms wastewaters. Among these three strains, C. vulgaris BB-2 was selected due to its increased growth rate in aquaculture wastewater with ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate and phosphate removal. In addition, in the water when cultivating microalgae in it the coliform index and total microbial number decreased to 5 and 1.8 × 103 colony-forming unit cm−3. Large-scale microalgae cultivation utilizing aquaculture wastewater gave biomass production of 43.5 mg L−1 day−1. The biochemical composition analysis of the aquaculture wastewater phycoremediation-derived biomass of C. vulgaris BB-2 revealed that the content of 57.0 ± 1.2% protein, 16 ± 1.2% lipid, and 11.4 ± 1.4% carbohydrate. The obtained data indicate that the lipid extract of microalgae C. vulgaris BB-2 contained saturated 30.7% and polyunsaturated fatty acids 69.3%. The main fraction of amino acids consisted of glutamic acid, lysine, aspartic acid and leucine. The utilization of 25% microalgal biomass as a feed additive in the diet of fish has shown a positive effect on the morpho-physiological and biochemical growth parameters and intestinal microflora of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

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Data availability

The authors declare that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the paper. All other relevant data are available from the corresponding authors upon reasonable request.

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Funding

This work was founded by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the framework of the project: AP09260077, AP08052402; SA would like to thank the Distinguished Scientists Fellowship Program, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, for their support. YKL, JSC and SIA was supported by the grant RSF-MOST (22–44-08001). The part of results (Tables 6 and 8) was obtained within the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (project No. 121033000136–4).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan

    Nurziya R. Akmukhanova, Assemgul K. Sadvakasova, Makpal M. Torekhanova, Meruyert O. Bauenova, Bolatkhan K. Zayadan, Saule M. Shalgimbayeva, Kenzhegul Bolatkhan & Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev

  2. College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 12372, Saudi Arabia

    Saleh Alwasel

  3. Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan

    Yoong Kit Leong & Jo-Shu Chang

  4. Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan

    Jo-Shu Chang

  5. Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan

    Jo-Shu Chang

  6. Controlled Photobiosynthesis Laboratory, K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, RAS, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia

    Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev

  7. Institute of Basic Biological Problems, RAS, Pushchino, Mosow Region, 142290, Russia

    Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev

Authors
  1. Nurziya R. Akmukhanova
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  2. Assemgul K. Sadvakasova
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  11. Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev
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Contributions

NRA: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing the original draft. AKS: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing the original draft, Project administration. MMT: Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing the original draft. BKZ: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software. SMS: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software. MOB: Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing the original draft. SA: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Formal analysis. YKL: Validation, Writing-Reviewing and Editing. JSC and SIA: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Writing the original draft, Project administration, Writing-Reviewing and Editing. All the authors contributed in writing of the final version and approved the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev.

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The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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Akmukhanova, N.R., Sadvakasova, A.K., Torekhanova, M.M. et al. Feasibility of waste-free use of microalgae in aquaculture. J Appl Phycol 34, 2297–2313 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-022-02787-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-022-02787-y

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