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Exploration on long-term acclimation of Pyropia haitanensis thalli to monochromatic lights based on physiological characteristics and transcriptome analysis

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Abstract

Long-term acclimation to monochromatic lights emerges in seaweeds. In this study, analysis based on physiological characteristics and transcriptome sequencing were employed to investigate the long-term acclimation of thalli of rhodophyte Pyropia haitanensis grown under white light (WL) and monochromatic blue light (BL), green light (GL), and red light (RL). The net photosynthesis of synchronically cultured thalli was highest under WL, while the net photosynthesis was significantly higher under GL and RL compared with BL, indicating the low utilization efficiency of BL and relatively high ones of GL and RL. Compared with WL, the PE/Chl. a ratio was significantly higher in BL-acclimated thalli and lower in both GL- and RL-acclimated thalli. The C/N ratio was decreased in BL-acclimated thalli and drastically increased in GL- and RL-acclimated thalli. Only a small amount of starch grains were observed in WL-acclimated thallus cells, and no starch grain was found in BL-acclimated thallus cells, whereas numerous starch grains were found in GL- and RL-acclimated thallus cells. These findings implied roles of pigments and allocation of carbon between carbohydrates and phycobiliproteins during monochromatic light acclimation. Transcriptome analysis showed that DEGs involving protein synthesis were mainly upregulated by BL, whereas DEGs involving energy-yielding carbohydrate catabolism were mainly downregulated by GL and RL. Besides, genes encoding light-harvesting complex, ferredoxin-NADP reductase, and key enzymes of carbon and nitrogen assimilation were upregulated by BL, yet downregulated by GL and RL. Those results indicated that P. haitanensis thalli could compensate for the low utilization efficiency of BL via the increase in phycoerythrin accumulation through upregulating enzymes acting on carbon and nitrogen assimilation, consequently activating downstream of protein synthesis. Mechanisms of photoacclimation under GL and RL might include the reduction in light energy absorption and photosynthetic electron transfer chain activity via downregulating genes encoding nitrogen assimilating enzymes, light-harvesting complexes and ferredoxin-NADP reductases, and the attenuation in accumulation and catabolism of photosynthates to avoid excessive energy-yielding that might cause a burden on metabolism.

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Data availability

The raw data generated in this study were deposited in the NCBI database (GenBank accession number: SRP222681).

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Funding

The study was supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD0900606), China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA, Science and Technology Program of Fujian Province (2019R1013-8; 2019NJJ009), and Youth Innovation Fund of Xiamen (3502Z20206001).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Lingang New City, 201306, Shanghai, China

    Xiaojun Liang, Longchen Tang & Xinghong Yan

  2. Provincial Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian Province, 7 Haishan Road, 361013, Xiamen, Fujian, China

    Xiaojun Liang, Chenhui Zhong & Qi Lin

  3. Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, 201306, Shanghai, China

    Xinghong Yan

  4. National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 201306, Shanghai, China

    Xinghong Yan

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  1. Xiaojun Liang
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  2. Chenhui Zhong
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Correspondence to Chenhui Zhong or Xinghong Yan.

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Supplementary Information

Supplemental Fig.S1

Absolute spectral features of different light qualities. a, b, c, d represent absolute spectrum of green light (GL), blue light (BL), red light (RL), white light(WL), respectively. (PNG 11957 kb)

High Resolution Image (TIF 11977 kb)

Supplemental Fig.S2

Observations on thallus cells of P. haitanensis under light microscope before and after experimental treatments. a, b, c and d represent thallus cells before experimental treatments, respectively; e, f, g and h represent WL-, BL-, GL- and RL-acclimated thallus cells, respectively. (PNG 5401 kb)

High Resolution Image (TIF 15015 kb)

Supplemental Fig.S3

qPCR validation of randomly selected DEGs from transcriptome sequencing results. (PNG 18352 kb)

High Resolution Image (TIF 18375 kb)

Supplementary Tab.S1:

Primer sequences used for qPCR validation of DEGs of P. haitanensis under different light qualities. (DOCX 13 kb)

Supplementary Tab.S2:

Statistics of DEGs of P. haitanensis under different light qualities. (DOCX 13 kb)

Supplementary Tab.S3:

GO enrichment analysis of DEGs of P. haitanensis under different light qualities. (DOCX 19 kb)

Supplementary Tab.S4:

KEGG enrichment analysis of DEGs of P. haitanensis under different light qualities. (DOCX 16 kb)

Supplementary Tab.S5:

Data of expression levels of genes encoding light-harvest protein. (DOCX 14 kb)

Supplementary Tab.S6:

Data of expression levels of genes encoding enzymes in nitrogen assimilation. (DOCX 13 kb)

Supplementary Tab.S7:

Data of expression levels of genes encoding enzymes of the Calvin cycle. (DOCX 15 kb)

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Liang, X., Zhong, C., Tang, L. et al. Exploration on long-term acclimation of Pyropia haitanensis thalli to monochromatic lights based on physiological characteristics and transcriptome analysis. J Appl Phycol 34, 565–576 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-021-02626-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-021-02626-6

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