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Preparation and electrochemical properties of spherical LiFePO4 and LiFe0.9Mg0.1PO4 cathode materials for lithium rechargeable batteries

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Abstract

The spherical LiFePO4/C and LiFe0.9Mg0.1PO4/C powders were successfully prepared from spherical FePO4 via a simple uniform-phase precipitation method at normal pressure, using FeCl3 and H3PO4 as the reactants. The FePO4, LiFePO4/C, and LiFe0.9Mg0.1PO4/C powders were characterized by scanning electron microscopies (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), and tap-density testing. The uniform spherical particles produced are amorphous, but they were crystallized to FePO4 after calcining above 400 °C. Due to the homogeneity of the basic FePO4, the final products, LiFePO4/C and LiFe0.9Mg0.1PO4/C, are also significantly uniform and the particle size is of about 1 μm in diameter. The tap-density of the spherical LiFePO4/C and LiFe0.9Mg0.1PO4/C are 1.75 and 1.77 g cm−3, respectively, which are remarkably higher than the non-spherical LiFePO4 powders (the tap-density is 1.0–1.3 g cm−3). The excellent specific capacities of 148 and 157 mAh g−1 with a rate of 0.1 C are achieved for the LiFePO4/C and LiFe0.9Mg0.1PO4/C, respectively. Comparison of the cyclic voltammograms of LiFePO4/C and LiFe0.9Mg0.1PO4/C shows enhanced redox current and reversibility for the sample substituting Mg on the Fe site. LiFe0.9Mg0.1PO4/C exhibits better high-rate and cycle performances than the un-substituted LiFePO4/C.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Materials Research & Engineering, 3 Research Link, Singapore, 117602, Singapore

    Zhaolin Liu, Xinhui Zhang & Liang Hong

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  1. Zhaolin Liu
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  2. Xinhui Zhang
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  3. Liang Hong
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Correspondence to Zhaolin Liu.

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Liu, Z., Zhang, X. & Hong, L. Preparation and electrochemical properties of spherical LiFePO4 and LiFe0.9Mg0.1PO4 cathode materials for lithium rechargeable batteries. J Appl Electrochem 39, 2433–2438 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-009-9931-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-009-9931-1

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