Abstract
Purpose
Iris claw intraocular lenses (IOLs) were successfully used for the management of aphakia in patients that lack capsular support. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcome of prepupillary and retropupillary implantation of these IOLs.
Methods
The files of the 26 patients that had an iris claw IOL implantation between 2010 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Detailed ophthalmological examination findings including corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), intraocular pressure, endothelial cell counts, slit lamp and dilated fundus examination findings were specifically tabulated. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were also specifically recorded.
Results
There were 18 patients in the prepupillary implantation group and eight patients in the retropupillary implantation group. Age and gender distribution were similar between the groups. CDVA significantly increased in prepupillary and retropupillary implantation groups (p = 0.001 and p = 0.012, respectively). Median endothelial cell loss was 6.7% in prepupillary group and 7.2% in retropupillary group. The only intraoperative complication was iridodialysis (n = 1). Postoperative complications included retinal detachment (n = 1), cystoid macular edema (n = 2) and IOL tilt (n = 1). All of these complications occurred in the prepupillary implantation group.
Conclusion
Prepupillary and retropupillary implantation of iris claw IOLs resulted with similar visual gain and endothelial loss rates in a follow-up time of 6 months. There was an insignificant trend toward a reduced complication rate following retropupillary implantation.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
Data are available on reasonable request from the authors.
References
Ozcan A, Ceran B (2014) Scleral fixation–where are we. Int J Ophthalmol Eye Rec 2:1–2
Werblin TP, Kaufman HE, Friedlander MH, Granet N (1981) Epikeratophakia: the surgical correction of aphakia: III. Preliminary results of a prospective clinical trial. Arch Ophthalmol 99(11):1957–1960. https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1981.03930020833002
Swinger CA, Barraquer JI (1981) Keratophakia and keratomileusis–clinical results. Ophthalmology 88(8):709–715. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0161-6420(81)34958-6
Grabner G (1991) Complications of epikeratophakia in correction of aphakia, myopia, hyperopia and keratoconus. Fortschr Ophthalmol 88(1):4–11
Shammas HJ, Milkie CF (1978) Secondary lens implantation in aphakia: visual results and complications. J Am Intraocul Implant Soc 4(4):180–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0146-2776(78)80075-5
Davis DB 2nd (1989) Secondary IOL versus Epi-K. Indian J Ophthalmol 37(2):86–88
Kang J, Cabot F, Yoo SH (2015) Long-term follow-up of epikeratophakia. J Cataract Refract Surg 41(3):670–673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrs.2014.11.035
Ding X, Yu Z (2018) Development of keratophakia and new research advances in lenticule transplantation. [Zhonghua yan ke za zhi] Chin J Ophthalmol 54(10):792–796
Amino K, Yamakawa R (2000) Long-term results of out-of-the-bag intraocular lens implantation. J Cataract Refract Surg 26(2):266–270
Jayamadhury G, Potti S, Kumar KV, Kumar RM, Mishra KD, Nambula SR (2016) Retropupillary fixation of iris-claw lens in visual rehabilitation of aphakic eyes. Indian J Ophthalmol 64(10):743
Mularoni A, Imburgia A, Forlini M, Rania L, Possati GL (2020) In vivo evaluation of a one-piece foldable sutureless intrascleral fixation lens using ultrasound biomicroscopy and anterior segment optical coherence tomography. J Cataract Refract Surg. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000000444
Vaiano AS, Hoffer KJ, Greco A, Greco A, D’Amico G, Pasqualitto V, Carlevale C, Savini G (2021) Long-term outcomes and complications of the new carlevale sutureless scleral fixation posterior chamber IOL. J Refract Surg 37(2):126–132. https://doi.org/10.3928/1081597X-20201207-02
Aykut V, Esen F, Sali F, Oguz H (2021) Refractive outcome of trocar-assisted sutureless scleral fixation with 3-piece intraocular lenses. Int Ophthalmol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-021-01824-y
Duchene M, Iscar C, Muraine M, Gueudry J (2020) Characteristics and management of uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema syndrome. J Fr Ophtalmol 43(3):205–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfo.2019.07.030
Tang Y, Xu J, Chen J, Lu Y (2020) Long-term destiny of corneal endothelial cells in anterior chamber intraocular lens-implanted eyes. J Ophthalmol 2020:5967509. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5967509
de Rojas MV, Vina S, Gestoso A, Simon P, Alvarez M (2020) Intraocular lens explantation in Spain: indications and outcomes at a tertiary referral center from 2010 to 2018. Int Ophthalmol 40(2):313–323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-019-01181-x
Choragiewicz T, Nowomiejska K, Haszcz D, Nowakowska D, Avitabile T, Reibaldi M, Junemann AGM, Toro MD, Rejdak R (2019) Transscleral fixation of black diaphragm intraocular lens in complete aniridia and aphakia due to posttraumatic eye rupture: a pilot study. J Clin Med. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8010046
Choragiewicz T, Rejdak R, Grzybowski A, Nowomiejska K, Moneta-Wielgoś J, Ozimek M, Jünemann AG (2016) Outcomes of sutureless iris-claw lens implantation. J Ophthalmol 2016:1–7
Shanida H, Narayan S, Rajini K (2018) Visual outcome and complications of posterior iris-claw intraocular lens implantation: a follow-up analysis. Kerala J Ophthalmol 30(2):107
Toro MD, Longo A, Avitabile T, Nowomiejska K, Gagliano C, Tripodi S, Choragiewicz T, Kaminska A, Figus M, Posarelli C, Forlini M, Junemann AGM, Reibaldi M, Rejdak R (2019) Five-year follow-up of secondary iris-claw intraocular lens implantation for the treatment of aphakia: anterior chamber versus retropupillary implantation. PLoS ONE 14(4):e0214140. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214140
Tourino Peralba R, Lamas-Francis D, Sarandeses-Diez T, Martinez-Perez L, Rodriguez-Ares T (2018) Iris-claw intraocular lens for aphakia: can location influence the final outcomes? J Cataract Refract Surg 44(7):818–826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrs.2018.05.010
Mora P, Calzetti G, Favilla S, Forlini M, Tedesco S, Date P, Tagliavini V, Carta A, Frisina R, Pedrotti E, Gandolfi S (2018) Comparative analysis of the safety and functional outcomes of anterior versus retropupillary Iris-claw IOL fixation. J Ophthalmol 2018:8463569. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8463569
Anbari A, Lake DB (2015) Posteriorly enclavated iris claw intraocular lens for aphakia: long-term corneal endothelial safety study. Eur J Ophthalmol 25(3):208–213. https://doi.org/10.5301/ejo.5000527
Esen F, Kostek M, Emekli AS, Eraslan M (2016) Double-organ bias in published randomized controlled trials of glaucoma. J Glaucoma 25(6):520–522. https://doi.org/10.1097/IJG.0000000000000369
Brunin G, Sajjad A, Kim EJ, de Oca IM, Weikert MP, Wang L, Koch DD, Al-Mohtaseb Z (2017) Secondary intraocular lens implantation: complication rates, visual acuity, and refractive outcomes. J Cataract Refract Surg 43(3):369–376
Galvis V, Tello A, Miotto G, Rangel CM (2012) Artisan aphakic lens for cataract surgery in anterior megalophthalmos. Case Rep Ophthalmol 3(3):428–433. https://doi.org/10.1159/000346074
Vounotrypidis E, Schuster I, Mackert MJ, Kook D, Priglinger S, Wolf A (2019) Secondary intraocular lens implantation: a large retrospective analysis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 257(1):125–134
Acar N, Kapran Z, Altan T, Kucuksumer Y, Unver YB, Polat E (2010) Secondary iris claw intraocular lens implantation for the correction of aphakia after pars plana vitrectomy. Retina 30(1):131–139. https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0b013e3181b32eef
Baykara M, Ozcetin H, Yilmaz S, Timuçin OB (2007) Posterior iris fixation of the iris-claw intraocular lens implantation through a scleral tunnel incision. Am J Ophthalmol 144(4):586–591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2007.06.009
Güell JL, Velasco F, Malecaze F, Vázquez M, Gris O, Manero F (2005) Secondary artisan-verysise aphakic lens implantation. J Cataract Refract Surg 31(12):2266–2271
Peralba RT, Lamas-Francis D, Sarandeses-Diez T, Martínez-Pérez L, Rodríguez-Ares T (2018) Iris-claw intraocular lens for aphakia: can location influence the final outcomes? J Cataract Refract Surg 44(7):818–826
Guell JL, Verdaguer P, Elies D, Gris O, Manero F, Mateu-Figueras G, Morral M (2014) Secondary iris-claw anterior chamber lens implantation in patients with aphakia without capsular support. Br J Ophthalmol 98(5):658–663. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-304035
Lett KS, Chaudhuri PR (2011) Visual outcomes following artisan aphakia iris claw lens implantation. Eye (Lond) 25(1):73–76. https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.2010.146
De Silva SR, Arun K, Anandan M, Glover N, Patel CK, Rosen P (2011) Iris-claw intraocular lenses to correct aphakia in the absence of capsule support. J Cataract Refract Surg 37(9):1667–1672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrs.2011.03.051
Schallenberg M, Dekowski D, Hahn A, Laube T, Steuhl KP, Meller D (2014) Aphakia correction with retropupillary fixated iris-claw lens (Artisan)–long-term results. Clin Ophthalmol 8:137–141. https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S55205
Forlini M, Soliman W, Bratu A, Rossini P, Cavallini GM, Forlini C (2015) Long-term follow-up of retropupillary iris-claw intraocular lens implantation: a retrospective analysis. BMC Ophthalmol 15:143. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-015-0146-4
Faria MY, Ferreira NP, Pinto JM, Sousa DC, Leal I, Neto E, Marques-Neves C (2016) Retropupillary iris claw intraocular lens implantation in aphakia for dislocated intraocular lens. Int Med Case Rep J 9:261–265. https://doi.org/10.2147/IMCRJ.S116771
Sekundo W, Bertelmann T, Schulze S (2014) Retropupillary iris claw intraocular lens implantation technique for aphakia. Ophthalmologe 111(4):315–319. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-013-2852-8
Chen J, Zhu X (2016) Magnetic solid phase extraction using ionic liquid-coated core-shell magnetic nanoparticles followed by high-performance liquid chromatography for determination of Rhodamine B in food samples. Food Chem 200:10–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.01.002
Funding
This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
ED, FE, MY, HS and HO performed study conception and design; ED and HS contributed to acquisition of data; ED, FE, MY, HS and HO were involved in analysis and interpretation of data; ED, FE, and HS drafted the manuscript; MY and HO done critical revision.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Consent to publication
All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Durmus, E., Esen, F., Yenerel, M. et al. Clinical outcome and endothelial loss following prepupillary and retropupillary implantation of iris claw intraocular lenses. Int Ophthalmol 41, 3961–3969 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-021-01965-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-021-01965-0