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Foveal avascular zone and vessel density in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

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Abstract

Purpose

To compare the retinal and choroidal microvasculature quantitatively via optical coherence angiography (OCTA) in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who were under methylphenidate (MFD) treatment or newly diagnosed as ADHD and were not taking any medication.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional, comparative, and observational study. The children who were between 6 and 17 years old and previously diagnosed as ADHD and were under MFD treatment or who were newly diagnosed as ADHD were included in the study. Optical coherence tomography angiography imaging was performed via OCT RT XR Avanti with AngioVue software (Optivue Inc, Freemont, CA). The main outcome measure of the study was OCTA parameters of the children with ADHD.

Results

A total of 186 eyes of 186 patients were included in the study. There were 80 eyes in the control group (newly diagnosed) and 106 eyes in the treatment group (under MFD treatment). The mean duration of methylphenidate use in the treatment group was 33.9 ± 20.1 months (between 6 and 84 months). The choriocapillary flow area (p = 0.03), superficial parafoveal thickness (p = 0.01), and deep parafoveal thickness (p = 0.01) were statistically greater in the treatment group than the control group.

Conclusion

Most of the important OCTA parameters especially foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and FAZ perimeter were similar in the two groups. There was a significant difference between the two groups in parafoveal thickness values which might point to a slight effect of MFD on retinal circulation.

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Acknowledgements

This cross-sectional study was not supported by any company. None of the authors has financial or proprietary interests in any material or method mentioned. These data have not been previously published.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences Bakirkoy Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

    Hatice Nur Tarakcioglu, Aysegul Mavi Yildiz & Ulviye Yigit

  2. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences Bakirkoy Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

    Semra Yilmaz

  3. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey

    Tayfun Kara

  4. Department of Ophthalmology, Memorial Sisli Hospital, Okmeydani, Sisli, 34000, Istanbul, Turkey

    Abdullah Ozkaya

  5. Department of Ophthalmology, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Abdullah Ozkaya

Authors
  1. Hatice Nur Tarakcioglu
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  2. Semra Yilmaz
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  3. Tayfun Kara
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  4. Aysegul Mavi Yildiz
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  5. Ulviye Yigit
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  6. Abdullah Ozkaya
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Contributions

HNT, SY, TK, AMY, UY, AO: involved in design and conduct of the study; HNT, AO: preparation and review of the study; HNT, SY, TK, AMY, UY: data collection; and AO: statistical analysis.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Abdullah Ozkaya.

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Conflict of interest

None of the authors has any conflicts of interest or competing interests regarding the materials used in the research.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Tarakcioglu, H.N., Yilmaz, S., Kara, T. et al. Foveal avascular zone and vessel density in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Int Ophthalmol 40, 1155–1162 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-019-01281-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-019-01281-8

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