Abstract
Nutritional interventions have been shown to be an interesting approach for the treatment of chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Persea americana Mill. (avocado), is a potential food to be used for the prevention or treatment of intestinal inflammation, due to its nutritional value and pharmacological effects. In this study we evaluated if the dietary intervention with avocado fruit pulp could as an intestinal anti-inflammatory diet using a trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) model of intestinal inflammation in rats. For this purpose, 5, 10 or 20% of avocado fruit pulp was incorporated in the diet of rats, for 21 days before and 7 days after TNBS-induced intestinal inflammation. Dietary intervention with avocado fruit pulp (20%) decreased the extension of colonic lesions (1.38 ± 0.99 vs. 2.67 ± 0.76 cm), weight/length colon ratio (151.03 ± 31.45 vs. 197.39 ± 49.48 cm), inhibited myeloperoxidase activity (891.2 ± 243.2 vs 1603 ± 158.2 U/g), reduced tumor necrosis factor-α (53.94 ± 6.45 vs. 114.9 ± 6.21 pg/mg), interleukin-1β (583.6 ± 106.2 vs. 1259 ± 81.68 pg/mg) and interferon gamma (27.95 ± 2.97 vs. 47.79 ± 3.51 pg/mg) levels and prevented colonic glutathione depletion (2585 ± 77.2 vs 1778 ± 167.2 nmol/g). The consumption of enriched diet with 20% avocado pulp by 28 days did not promote any alterations in the biochemical or behavioral parameters evaluated. Avocado showed intestinal anti-inflammatory activity, modulating immune response, and acting as antioxidant. The dietary intervention with avocado was safe, suggesting its potential as a complementary treatment in intestinal inflammation.
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Data availability
The datasets generated during the current study are available from the corresponding author.
Abbreviations
- IBD:
-
Inflammatory bowel disease
- CD:
-
Crohn’s disease
- UC:
-
Ulcerative colitis
- TNBS:
-
Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid
- HE:
-
Hematoxylin and eosin
- GSH:
-
Glutathione
- MPO:
-
Myeloperoxidase
- TNF- α:
-
Tumor necrosis factor
- IL-1β:
-
Interleukin 1
- IL-17:
-
Interleukin 17
- MUFA:
-
Monounsaturated fatty acids
- PUFA:
-
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
- EPM:
-
Elevated plus maze
- OFT:
-
Open field test
- AST:
-
Aspartate aminotransferase
- ALT:
-
Alanine aminotransferase
- AP:
-
Alkaline phosphatase
- GGT:
-
Gamma-glutamyltransferase
- HDL:
-
High-density lipoprotein
- LDL:
-
Low-density lipoprotein
- VLDL:
-
Very-low-density lipoprotein
- SCFA:
-
Short-chain fatty acids
- DSS:
-
Dextran sulfate sodium
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Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the technical support provided by Alexandre Tanimoto, Alexandre S. Chagas, Ana Elisa V. Quaglio, Cristiane Mori, Fabiana Masago, Tainan F. S. Curimbaba, Vinícius Marques. We also thank Jaguacy Brazil Company for providing the avocado fruits, UNIPEX (Experimental Research unit—UNESP) for technical support in the preparation of the diets, CEATOX (Toxicological Assistance Center—IBB—UNESP) for the technical support for the behavioral screening and Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES: Finance Code 001), CNPq (403976/2021-9; 301496/2019-6) and FAPESP (2015/50333-1; 2018/11069-5; 2015/13320-9; 2019/13465-8) for the financial support to the present research. MRMJ acknowledges Red Iberomericana de Alimentos Autoctonos Subutilizados (ALSUB-CYTED, 118RT0543).
Funding
This study was financed in part by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel, Brazil (CAPES: Finance Code 001), CNPq (403976/2021-9; 301496/2019-6) and FAPESP (2015/50333-1; 2018/11069-5; 2015/13320-9; 2019/13465-8).
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All authors contributed to the conception and design, interpretation of data, manuscript writing, and final approval. ECSdO performed the research, analyzed the data and wrote the paper. LMD, CARAC, LDAJ, CRB and MAS analyzed the data and revised and polished the manuscript. MRMJ and RG provided financial support for analysis of avocado pulp, offered valuable suggestions, and revised and polished the manuscript. AW designed and supervised the research and revised and polished the manuscript. LCDS supervised the research, provided financial support, offered valuable suggestions, and revised and polished the manuscript.
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Protection of Animals and experimental procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee for Animal Research of the São Paulo State University (Protocol No. 2014/617). The experiments followed according to the current legislation (Law 11.794 and decree 6.899/2009) and normative resolutions applicable in the light of the Ethical Principles in Animal Research adopted by the Brazilian Society of Science in Laboratory Animals (SBCAL/COBEA).
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de Oliveira, E.C.S., Dalmau, L.M., de Almeida Costa, C.A.R. et al. Dietary intervention with avocado (Persea americana Mill.) ameliorates intestinal inflammation induced by TNBS in rats. Inflammopharmacol 31, 485–498 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-022-01128-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-022-01128-2