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Intercomparison of Thermophysical Property Measurements on Iron and Steels

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Abstract

The German Thermophysics Working Group (AKT) within the Society for Thermal Analysis (GEFTA) initiated and conducted an intercomparison with the objective of the determination of the thermophysical properties of pure iron, an interstitial-free steel, and a multi-phase steel. The values of heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, thermal expansion, and thermal conductivity were measured from 20 °C up to 1000 °C. In all cases, a mean value could be derived. In the case of pure iron, the mean values are in good agreement with the literature values. For the values of the thermal expansion coefficient and thermal diffusivity, the relative uncertainties are below 4 %. The relative uncertainties for the specific heat are between 4 % and 5 % up to 600 °C. Above this temperature, the uncertainty is in the range from 6 % to 8 %. The relative uncertainty of the thermal conductivity values is about 6 % below 600 °C and up to 9 % above.

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Abbreviations

a :

Thermal diffusivity, m2·s−1

c p :

Specific heat, J·kg−1K−1

e :

Specific extinction coefficient, m2·kg−1

E :

Normalized deviation, 1

L :

Length, m

T :

Temperature, K, °C

U :

Uncertainty, depends

x :

Measurement value, depends

α :

Coefficient of thermal expansion, K−1

λ :

Thermal conductivity, W·m−1K−1

ρ :

Density, kg·m−3

p :

Constant pressure

lab :

Experimentally determined value

mean :

Mean value

n :

Normalized

CIPM:

Comité International des Poids et Mesures

CTE:

Linear thermal expansion coefficient

DSC:

Differential scanning calorimeter

GEFTA:

Society for Thermal Analysis

GUM:

Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement

ICP-OES:

Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry

IF:

Interstitial free

LVDT:

Linear variable differential transformer

MP:

Multi-phase

STA:

Simultaneous thermal analysis

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank all participants in the intercomparison for their valuable contributions, namely W. Hohenauer (AIT), K. Stanelle and A. Eppner (IAB), T. Gestrich, A. Kaiser (IKTS), G. Seifert and J. Barber (ISC), A. Lindemann (Netzsch), E. Kaschnitz (ÖGI), T. Knoche and R. Küppers (RWTH), B. Tartler (SGL Carbon), R. Wulf (IWTT), F. Hemberger and A. Göbel (ZAE Bayern). Special thanks to the company thyssenkrupp Steel Europe AG for the provision of more than 420 specimens.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research, Magdalene-Schoch-Str. 3, 97074, Würzburg, Germany

    Hans-Peter Ebert & Stephan Braxmeier

  2. Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe AG, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Straße 100, 47166, Duisburg, Germany

    Diana Neubert

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  1. Hans-Peter Ebert
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  2. Stephan Braxmeier
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  3. Diana Neubert
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Correspondence to Hans-Peter Ebert.

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Ebert, HP., Braxmeier, S. & Neubert, D. Intercomparison of Thermophysical Property Measurements on Iron and Steels. Int J Thermophys 40, 96 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-019-2568-3

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