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Anti-histaminic Effects of Resveratrol and Silymarin on Human Gingival Fibroblasts

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Abstract

Periodontitis as a chronic inflammatory disease leads to the destruction of the supportive tissues of affected teeth. Crosstalk between periodontitis and the host immune system plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Since polyphenol components such as silymarin and resveratrol have anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects on periodontal tissues, the purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-histaminic effects of silymarin and resveratrol on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). HGFs were treated with a concentration of silymarin or resveratrol (100 μg/ml) and a combination of these two polyphenols (50/100 or 100/200 μg/ml silymarin/resveratrol). The effect of silymarin and resveratrol on cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. Also, HGFs were treated with silymarin and/or resveratrol and were stimulated by histamine. The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and tissue plasminogen activator 1 (TPA-1) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After treatment with silymarin, the viability of fibroblast cells significantly increased, whereas treatment with resveratrol and combinations of these flavonoids (silymarin 50 μg/ml and resveratrol 100 μg/ml) did not have any significant effect on cell viability after 24 h. Treatment with 100/200 μg/ml silymarin/resveratrol significantly decreased the cell viability after 48 h. Resveratrol inhibited histamine-induced IL-6 secretion by HGFs significantly, whereas silymarin showed significant effect on TNF-α. A blend of silymarin and resveratrol displayed more valuable results. In conclusion, combination of resveratrol and silymarin could significantly inhibit inflammatory effects of histamine on cultured HGFs by reduction of IL-6, IL-8, TPA-1, and TNF-α.

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Acknowledgments

We wish to thank all our colleagues in the Research and Enterprise Committee and the School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Amir Farzanegan

  2. Department of Hematology & Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155-5983, Iran

    Mohammad Shokuhian, Fatemeh Sadeghi Shirazi & Minoo Shahidi

  3. Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Soudeh Jafari

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  1. Amir Farzanegan
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  2. Mohammad Shokuhian
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  4. Fatemeh Sadeghi Shirazi
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  5. Minoo Shahidi
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Contributions

M.Sh. as a director of the project has conceived the manuscript and revised it. A.F. and M.Sh. wrote the manuscript. M.Sh., S.J., and F.S.Sh. provided clinical data and information. A.F. and M.Sh. performed the ELISA and MTT tests, respectively.

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Correspondence to Minoo Shahidi.

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Highlights

• Inhibition of inflammatory effects of histamine by resveratrol and silymarin.

• Anti-histaminic effects of the combination of resveratrol and silymarin in periodontitis.

• Invigorating anti-histaminic response of human gingival fibroblasts via resveratrol and silymarin.

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Farzanegan, A., Shokuhian, M., Jafari, S. et al. Anti-histaminic Effects of Resveratrol and Silymarin on Human Gingival Fibroblasts. Inflammation 42, 1622–1629 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-019-01023-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-019-01023-z

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