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Interactive effects of water pH and hardness levels on the growth and reproduction of Heterocypris incongruens (Crustacea: Ostracoda)

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Abstract

pH and water hardness are considered to be important factors for population dynamics in crustaceans. In this study, the effects of pH (6, 7, 8, and 9) and water hardness (40 mg CaCO3/l and 160 mg CaCO3/l) on the growth and reproductive response of the freshwater ostracod Heterocypris incongruens Ramdohr were investigated. Heterocypris incongruens exposed to a pH level of 6 or 7 had a slower growth rate and shorter carapace length than those exposed to high pH levels. The reproductive output of H. incongruens was higher under hard water conditions. However, there were no significant differences in the effects of pH and water hardness on the egg hatching rate. Consequently, higher pH levels and water hardness resulted in increased population growth rates. Collectively, the results indicate that variations in pH levels and water hardness lead to changes in the life history characteristics of H. incongruens. These characteristics provide a mechanistic explanation for habitats in which H. incongruens can persist.

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Acknowledgments

This work is supported by the Eco-Innovation project of the Ministry of Environment, Korea. The authors thank Nika Galic (University of Nebraska at Lincoln) for her critical review of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea

    Yongeun Kim, Hyoung-ho Mo, Yun-Sik Lee & Kijong Cho

  2. School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea

    Sung-Eun Lee

  3. Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA

    Jino Son

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  1. Yongeun Kim
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Correspondence to Kijong Cho.

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Kim, Y., Mo, Hh., Son, J. et al. Interactive effects of water pH and hardness levels on the growth and reproduction of Heterocypris incongruens (Crustacea: Ostracoda). Hydrobiologia 753, 97–109 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-015-2199-z

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