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Sponge biodiversity and ecology of the Van Diemen Rise and eastern Joseph Bonaparte Gulf, northern Australia

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Abstract

Australia is increasingly recognised as a global hotspot for sponge biodiversity, but there is a knowledge gap about sponge communities in northern Australia, including those in Commonwealth Marine Reserves. We aim to quantify sponge biodiversity of the eastern Joseph Bonaparte Gulf and adjacent Van Diemen Rise (VDR) and to examine spatial and environmental patterns in community structure. Sponges were collected with a benthic sled from 65 sites encompassing five geomorphic features (bank, terrace, ridge, plain, and valley), study area (as a proxy for distance offshore) and three environmental variables (depth, substrate hardness, and slope). A total of 283 species were collected, representing four classes, 53 families and at least 117 genera. Sponge richness and biomass were related to those of other taxa. Sponge diversity was generally highest further offshore and on raised geomorphic features, particularly banks. Sponge assemblages on the same bank were more similar than those from different banks, although full interpretation of patterns is limited by the relatively low sampling effort. The current study will help facilitate integrated marine management by providing a baseline species inventory, supporting the VDR’s carbonate banks as a key ecological feature, and highlighting the importance of sponges as habitat providers and potential biological surrogates for monitoring.

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Acknowledgments

The taxonomic identification of sponges was partially supported by the ‘Collection and Taxonomy of Shallow Water Marine Organisms’ program for the US National Cancer Institute (Contract N02-CM-27003) subcontracted to MAGNT through Coral Reef Research Foundation. We are grateful to the scientific and ship crews of the R.V. Solander during surveys SOL4934 and SOL5117. Zhi Huang and Olivia Wilson assisted with ArcGIS tools and hydrographic charts, respectively. Tanya Whiteway, Floyd Howard, Scott Nichol, Justy Siwabessy, and Kim Pritchard provided physical datasets. Riko Hashimoto, Scott Nichol, Andrew Carroll, Kim Pritchard and Nic Bax provided valuable comments on previous drafts of this manuscript. MAGNT volunteers, Garrick Foy, Alyson Malpartida, and Neil Lugdvisen assisted with the curation of samples. This work was undertaken as part of the Marine Biodiversity Hub, a collaborative partnership supported through funding from the Australian Government’s National Environmental Research Program (NERP). This paper is published with the permission of the Chief Executive Officer, Geoscience Australia.

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  1. Coastal Marine and Climate Change Group, Geoscience Australia, GPO Box 378, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia

    Rachel Przeslawski & Tegan Smith

  2. Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, PO Box 4646, Darwin, NT, 0801, Australia

    Belinda Alvarez

  3. Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia

    Chris Battershill

  4. Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand

    Chris Battershill

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  1. Rachel Przeslawski
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Przeslawski, R., Alvarez, B., Battershill, C. et al. Sponge biodiversity and ecology of the Van Diemen Rise and eastern Joseph Bonaparte Gulf, northern Australia. Hydrobiologia 730, 1–16 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-013-1799-8

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