Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Expression of the ipt Gene with the AGPase S1 Promoter in Tomato Results in Unbranched Roots and Delayed Leaf Senescence

  • Published:
Plant Growth Regulation Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Transgenic tomato plants were produced with the isopentenyl transferase gene (ipt) ligated to a promoter that is active exclusively in sink tissue. Initially, transgenic plants had smaller, round-scale leaves, swollen stems, and exhibited early development of lateral shoots compared to wild type. Expression of the ipt gene resulted in the formation of unbranched roots on cuttings and delayed senescence in excised leaves. Callus and root formation occurred on excised leaves and leaf discs during dark incubation. The retention percentage of chlorophyll, as well as cytokinin in excised leaves or discs was significantly greater than wild type. Transgenic tomato fruit had elevated levels of cytokinins in the first days after fruit set and these levels were maintained longer during fruit development.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • D.E. Akiyoshi H. Klee R.M. Amasino E.W. Nester M.P. Gordon (1984) ArticleTitleT-DNA of Agrobacterium tumefaciens encodes an enzyme of cytokinin biosynthesis Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81 5994–5998 Occurrence Handle6091129

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • V. Arnold R.A. Fletcher (1986) ArticleTitleStimulation of chlorophyll synthesis by benzyladenine and potassium in excised and intact cucumber cotyledons Physiol. Plant 68 169–174

    Google Scholar 

  • G.F. Barry S.G. Rogers R.T. Fraley L. Brand (1984) ArticleTitleIdentification of a cloned cytokinin biosynthetic gene Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81 4776–4780

    Google Scholar 

  • S.E.I. Beinsberger R.L.M. Valcke J.A. Greef ParticleDe H.A. Onckelen ParticleVan (1992) Effects of enhanced cytokinin levels in ipt transgenic tobacco M. Kaminek D.W.S. Mok E. Zazimalova (Eds) Physiology and Biochemistry of Cytokinins in Plants SPB Academic Publishing The HagueThe Netherlands 77–82

    Google Scholar 

  • S.E.I. Beinsberger R.L.M. Valcke R.Y. Deblaere H.M.M. Clijsters J.A. Greef ParticleDe H.A Onckelen ParticleVan (1991) ArticleTitleEffects of the introduction of Agrobacterium tumefaciens T-DNA ipt gene in Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Petit Havana SR1 plant cells Plant Cell Physiol. 32 489–496

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Caers P. Rudelsheim H. Onckelen ParticleVan S. Horemans (1985) ArticleTitleEffect of heat stress on photosynthetic activity and chloroplast ultrastructure in correlation with endogenous cytokinin concentration in maize seedlings Plant Cell Physiol. 26 47–52

    Google Scholar 

  • H. Chang M.L. Jones G.M. Banowetz D.G. Clark (2003) ArticleTitleOverproduction of cytokinins in Petunia flowers transformed with PSAG12-IPT delays corolla senescence and decreases sensitivity to ethylene Plant Physiol. 132 2174–2183 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.103.023945 Occurrence Handle12913172

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • B.Y. Chen H.W. Janes T.J. Gianfagna (1998) ArticleTitlePCR cloning and characterization of multiple ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase cDNA from tomato Plant Sci. 136 59–67 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0168-9452(98)00095-8 Occurrence Handle11543346

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • C. Chen (1997) ArticleTitleCytokinin biosynthesis and interconversion Physiol. Plant 101 665–673 Occurrence Handle10.1034/j.1399-3054.1997.1010402.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • M. Faiss J. Zalubilova M. Strnad T. Schmulling (1997) ArticleTitleConditional transgenic expression of the ipt gene indicates a function for cytokinins in paracrine signaling in whole tobacco plants Plant J. 12 401–415 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-313X.1997.12020401.x Occurrence Handle9301091

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • S. Gan R.M. Amasino (1995) ArticleTitleInhibition of leaf senescence by auto-regulated production of cytokinin Science 270 1986–1988 Occurrence Handle8592746

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • A. Guivarc'h J. Rembur M. Goetz T. Roitsch M. Noin T. Schmulling D. Chriqui (2002) ArticleTitleLocal expression of the ipt gene in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. SR1) axillary buds establishes a role for cytokinins in tuberization and sink formation J. Exp. Bot. 53 621–629 Occurrence Handle10.1093/jexbot/53.369.621 Occurrence Handle11886881

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • W. Jordi A. Schapendonk E. Davelaar G.M. Stoopen C.S. Pot R. Visser ParticleDe J.H.A.M. Rhijn ParticleVan S. Gan R.M. Amasino (2000) ArticleTitleIncreased cytokinin levels in transgenic P-SAG12-IPT tobacco plants have large direct and indirect effects on leaf senescencephotosynthesis and N partitioning Plant Cell Environ. 23 279–289 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-3040.2000.00544.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • T. Kakimoto (1996) ArticleTitleCKI1, a histidine kinase homolog implicated in cytokinin signal transduction Science 274 982–985 Occurrence Handle10.1126/science.274.5289.982 Occurrence Handle8875940

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • V.I. Kilmyuk B.J. Carroll C.M. Thomas J. Jones (1993) ArticleTitleAlkali treatment for rapid preparation of plant material for reliable PCR analysis The Plant J. 3 IssueID3 493–494 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-313X.1993.t01-26-00999.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • A.C. Leopold M. Kawase (1964) ArticleTitleBenzyladenine effects on bean leaf growth and senescence Am. J. Bot. 51 294–298

    Google Scholar 

  • Q. Li P.R.H. Robson A.J.E. Bettany I.S. Donnison H. Thomas I.M. Scott (2004) ArticleTitleModification of senescence in ryegrass transformed with IPT under the control of a monocot senescence-enhanced promoter Plant Cell Rep. 22 816–821 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s00299-004-0762-6 Occurrence Handle14963691

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Y. Li G. Hagen T.J. Guilfole (1992) ArticleTitleAltered morphology in transgenic tobacco plants that overproduce cytokinins in specific tissues and organs Dev. Biol. 153 386–395 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0012-1606(92)90123-X Occurrence Handle1397692

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • X. Li J. Xing T.J. Gianfagna H.W. Janes (2002) ArticleTitleSucrose regulation of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase subunit genes transcript levels in leaves and fruits Plant Sci. 162 239–244 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0168-9452(01)00565-9 Occurrence Handle11989489

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Y.J. Lin M.L. Cao C.G. Xu H. Chen J. Wei Q.F. Zhang (2002) ArticleTitleCultivating rice with delaying leaf-senescence by PSAG12-IPT gene transformation Acta Bot. Sinica 44 1333–1338

    Google Scholar 

  • B. Martineau C.M. Houck R.E. Sheehy W.R. Hiatt (1994) ArticleTitleFruit-specific expression of the A. tumefaciens isopentenyl transferase gene in tomato: effects on fruit ripening and defence-related gene expression in leaves Plant J. 5 11–19 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-313X.1994.5010011.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • M.S. McCabe L.C. Garratt F. Schepers W.J.R.M. Jordi G.M. Stoopen E. Davelaar J.H.A.M. Rhijn ParticleVan J.B. Power M.R. Davey (2001) ArticleTitleEffects of P-SAG12-IPT gene expression on development and senescence in transgenic lettuce Plant Physiol. 127 505–512 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.127.2.505 Occurrence Handle11598225

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • B.A. McGaw L.R. Burch (1995) Cytokinin biosynthesis and metabolism P.J. Davies (Eds) Plant Hormones Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology Kluwer Academic Publishers DordrechtThe Netherlands 98–117

    Google Scholar 

  • M.J. McKenzie V. Mett P.H.S. Reynolds P.E. Jameson (1998) ArticleTitleControlled cytokinin production in transgenic tobacco using a copper-inducible promoter Plant Physiol. 116 969–977 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.116.3.969 Occurrence Handle9501129

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • J.I. Medford R. Horgan Z. EI-Sawi H.J. Klee (1989) ArticleTitleAlterations of endogenous cytokinins in transgenic plants using a chimeric isopentenyl transferase gene Plant Cell 1 403–413 Occurrence Handle10.1105/tpc.1.4.403 Occurrence Handle12359893

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • J. Memelink J.H.C. Hoge R.A. Achilperoot (1987) ArticleTitleCytokinin stress changes the developmental regulation of several defence-related genes in tobacco EMBO J. 6 3579–3583

    Google Scholar 

  • M.C. Mok (1994) Cytokinins and plant development – an overview D.W.S. Mok (Eds) Cytokinins: Chemistry and Function CRC Press Boca Raton, Florida

    Google Scholar 

  • R.O. Morris (1995) Genes specifying auxin and cytokinin biosynthesis in prokaryotes P.J. Davies (Eds) Plant Hormones Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology Kluwer Academic Publishers DordrechtThe Netherlands 318–339

    Google Scholar 

  • G. Ooms J.R. Lenton (1985) ArticleTitleT-DNA genes to study plant development: precocious tuberisation and enhanced cytokinins in A. tumefaciens transformed potato Plant Mol. Biol. 5 205–212 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00020638

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • P. Redig T. Schmulling H. Onckelen ParticleVan (1996) ArticleTitleAnalysis of cytokinin metabolism in ipt transgenic tobacco by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry Plant Physiol. 122 141–148

    Google Scholar 

  • A.E. Richmond A. Lang (1957) ArticleTitleEffect of kinetin on protein content and survival of detached Xanthium leaves Science 125 650–651 Occurrence Handle13421662

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • P.R.H. Robson I.S. Donnison K. Wang B. Frame S.E. Pegg A. Thomas H. Thomas (2004) ArticleTitleLeaf senescence is delayed in maize expressing the Agrobacterium IPT gene under the control of a novel maize senescence-enhanced promoter Plant Biotech. J. 2 101–112 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1467-7652.2004.00054.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • H.M. Rupp M. Frank T. Werner M. Strnad T. Schmulling (1999) ArticleTitleIncreased steady-state mRNA levels of the STM and KNAT1 homeoboxes genes in cytokinin overproducing Arabidopsis thaliana indicate a role for cytokinins in the shoot apical meristem Plant J. 18 557–567 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1365-313X.1999.00472.x Occurrence Handle10417706

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • T. Sachs K.V. Thimann (1964) ArticleTitleRelease of lateral buds from apical dominance Nature 201 939–940

    Google Scholar 

  • T. Schmulling S. Beinsberger J. Greef ParticleDe J. Schell H. Onckelen ParticleVan A. Spena (1989) ArticleTitleConstruction of a heat-inducible chimaeric gene to increase the cytokinin content in transgenic plant tissue FEBS Lett. 249 401–406 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0014-5793(89)80667-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • T. Schmulling H.-M. Rupp M. Frank S. Schafer (1999) Recent advances in cytokinin research: receptor candidates, primary response genes, mutants and transgenic plants M. Strand P. Pec E. Beck (Eds) Regulation of Plant Growth and Development Peres Publishers Prague 85–96

    Google Scholar 

  • K.R. Schroeder D.P. Stimart E.V. Nordheim (2001) ArticleTitleResponse of Nicotiana alata to insertion of an autoregulated senescence-inhibition gene J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 126 523–530

    Google Scholar 

  • T.L. Setter B.A. Flannigan J. Melkonian (2001) ArticleTitleLoss of kernel set due to water deficit and shade in maize: carbohydrate supplies, abscisic acidand cytokinins Crop Sci. 41 1530–1540

    Google Scholar 

  • A.C. Smigocki L.D. Owen (1988) ArticleTitleCytokinin gene fused with a strong promoter enhances shoot organogenesis and zeatin levels in transgenic plant cells Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85 5131–5135

    Google Scholar 

  • A.C. Smigocki L.D. Owen (1989) ArticleTitleCytokinin-to-auxin ratios and morphology of shoots and tissues transformed by a chimeric isopentenyl transferase gene Plant Pgysiol. 91 808–811

    Google Scholar 

  • A.C. Smigocki J.W. Neal I. McCanna L. Douglass (1993) ArticleTitleCytokinin-mediated insect resistance in Nicotiana plants transformed with ipt gene Plant Mol. Biol. 23 325–335 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00029008 Occurrence Handle8219068

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O.E. Smith C.E. Palmer (1970) ArticleTitleCytokinin-induced tuber formation on stolons of Solanum tuberosum Physiol. Plantarum 23 599–606

    Google Scholar 

  • K. Loven ParticleVan S.E.I. Beinsberger R.L.M. Valcke H.A. Onckelen ParticleVan H.M.M. Clijsters (1993) ArticleTitleMorphometric analysis of the growth of Phsp70-ipt transgenic tobacco plants J. Exp. Bot. 44 1671–1678

    Google Scholar 

  • Z. Wang S. Mambelli T.L. Setter (2002) ArticleTitleAbscisic acid catabolism in maize kernels in response to water deficit at early endosperm development Ann. Bot. 90 623–630 Occurrence Handle10.1093/aob/mcf239 Occurrence Handle12466103

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • J. Zhang T. Toai ParticleVan L. Huynh J. Preiszner (2000) ArticleTitleDevelopment of flooding-tolerant Arabidopsis thaliana by autoregulated cytokinin production Mol. Breed 6 135–144 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1009694029297

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Biology and Pathology Department, Rutgers – The State University of New Jersey, 08901, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA

    Y.Y. Luo, T.J. Gianfagna, H.W. Janes, B. Huang, Z. Wang & J. Xing

Authors
  1. Y.Y. Luo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. T.J. Gianfagna
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. H.W. Janes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. B. Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Z. Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. J. Xing
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to T.J. Gianfagna.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Luo, Y., Gianfagna, T., Janes, H. et al. Expression of the ipt Gene with the AGPase S1 Promoter in Tomato Results in Unbranched Roots and Delayed Leaf Senescence. Plant Growth Regul 47, 47–57 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-005-8647-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-005-8647-4

Key words

Search

Navigation