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Microsatellite variation suggests a recent fine-scale population structure of Drosophila sechellia, a species endemic of the Seychelles archipelago

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Abstract

Drosophila sechellia is closely related to the cosmopolitan and widespread model species, D. simulans. This species, endemic to the Seychelles archipelago, is specialized on the fruits of Morinda citrifolia, and harbours the lowest overall genetic diversity compared to other species of Drosophila. This low diversity is associated with a small population size. In addition, no obvious population structure has been evidenced so far across islands of the Seychelles archipelago. Here, a microsatellite panel of 17 loci in ten populations from nine islands of the Seychelles was used to assess the effect of the D. sechellia’s fragmented distribution on the fine-scale population genetic structure, the migration pattern, as well as on the demography of the species. Contrary to previous results, also based on microsatellites, no evidence for population contraction in D. sechellia was found. The results confirm previous studies based on gene sequence polymorphism that showed a long-term stable population size for this species. Interestingly, a pattern of Isolation By Distance which had not been described yet in D. sechellia was found, with evidence of first-generation migrants between some neighbouring islands. Bayesian structuring algorithm results were consistent with a split of D. sechellia into two main groups of populations: Silhouette/Mahé versus all the other islands. Thus, microsatellites suggest that variability in D. sechellia is most likely explained by local genetic exchanges between neighbouring islands that have recently resulted in slight differentiation of the two largest island populations from all the others.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the two reviewers for helpful comments and valuable suggestions. We thank Jean-Luc Da Lage for analyzing the data with M_P_VAL.EXE software and Emilie Robillard for formatting the data. This work was funded by the French Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development through the programme “Invasions Biologiques” (CV 02000216), by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and by the ANR Biodiversity program (ANR-06-BDIV-002-05).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. UMR 7204, MNHN-CNRS-UPMC, 4 Avenue du Petit Chateau, 91800, Brunoy, France

    Delphine Legrand

  2. Station d’Ecologie Expérimentale, USR2936, CNRS, 09200, Moulis, France

    Delphine Legrand

  3. Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation, UPR 9034, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, Bâtiment 13, Boite Postale 1, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France

    Dominique Vautrin, Daniel Lachaise & Marie-Louise Cariou

  4. Université Paris-Sud 11, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France

    Dominique Vautrin, Daniel Lachaise & Marie-Louise Cariou

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  1. Delphine Legrand
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  2. Dominique Vautrin
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  3. Daniel Lachaise
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  4. Marie-Louise Cariou
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Correspondence to Marie-Louise Cariou.

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Daniel Lachaise deceased in 2006.

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10709_2011_9595_MOESM1_ESM.docx

Figure S1: Determination of the number of clusters best fitting allele frequencies at 17 microsatellites in D. sechellia. (above): Mean log-likelihood over five runs for K comprised between 1 and 10, (below): ΔK as a function of K following Evanno et al. (2005)

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Legrand, D., Vautrin, D., Lachaise, D. et al. Microsatellite variation suggests a recent fine-scale population structure of Drosophila sechellia, a species endemic of the Seychelles archipelago. Genetica 139, 909–919 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-011-9595-8

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