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Soil carbon dioxide emissions in eggplants based on cover crop residue management

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Abstract

In this study, cover crop residue management as a strategy to identify agricultural practices suitable for increasing soil carbon (C) storage and contributing to the mitigation of CO2 in a cover crop–eggplant sequence was evaluated. The treatments applied were: (a) four winter managements [three cover crops (hairy vetch, oat and oilseed rape) and a bare soil]; and (b) three residue managements [residues incorporated into the soil at a depth of 0.3 m as deep tillage (DT), residues incorporated into the soil at a depth of 0.1 m as shallow tillage (ST), and residues left on soil surface (RS)]. Eggplant biomass and C content, soil CO2 flux, soil temperature and moisture were measured. Hairy vetch under DT showed the highest emission rate during the eggplant cultivation. At eggplant harvest time, CO2–C emissions were high in hairy vetch, intermediate in oat and oilseed rape, and low in bare soil (5.4, 4.2 and 3.3 Mg ha−1, respectively). Among residue managements, CO2–C emissions were higher in ST and DT than in RS (4.5 vs. 3.7 Mg ha−1, respectively). Despite contributing to the highest soil CO2 flux, the decomposition of hairy vetch residues supports the production of eggplant crop, as it is shown by the carbon input/output ratio, especially under RS conditions representing a temporary sink of CO2–C. As a system, hairy vetch RS is the most productively sustainable because it is simultaneously yielding the high eggplant crop biomass and retaining C residues in the soil.

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Acknowledgements

The Authors wish to thank Claudio Stefanoni and Fulvia Gatti for their technical assistance and for participating in data collection and Dr. Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva for critical revision of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy

    Emanuele Radicetti, Enio Campiglia & Roberto Mancinelli

  2. Department of Agronomy, Payane Noor University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran

    Alireza Safahani Langeroodi

  3. Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm, Research Institute of Karcag, University of Debrecen, Kisújszállási út 166, Karcag, 5300, Hungary

    József Zsembeli

  4. Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm, Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, University of Debrecen, Westsik V. u. 4-6, Nyíregyháza, 4400, Hungary

    Nóra Mendler-Drienyovszki

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  1. Emanuele Radicetti
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  2. Enio Campiglia
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  3. Alireza Safahani Langeroodi
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  5. Nóra Mendler-Drienyovszki
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  6. Roberto Mancinelli
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Correspondence to Emanuele Radicetti.

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Appendix

Appendix

See Tables 4, 5 and Fig. 6

Table 4 P values for analysis of variance (ANOVA) of cover crop characteristics
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Table 5 P values for analysis of variance (ANOVA) of eggplant characteristics
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Fig. 6
figure 6

Soil CO2 flux plotted against soil temperature in DT, ST and RS for the four cover crop treatments, throughout the eggplant growing season of the two experimental years. The data fit with second-order polynomial regression models. (***), (**) and (*) indicate the significant levels at P < 0.001, P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively. RS Residues left on the soil surface, ST shallow tillage, DT deep tillage

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Radicetti, E., Campiglia, E., Langeroodi, A.S. et al. Soil carbon dioxide emissions in eggplants based on cover crop residue management. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst 118, 39–55 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-020-10081-x

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