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Effect of growth hormone overexpression on gastric evacuation rate in coho salmon

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Abstract

Growth hormone (GH) transgenic (T) coho salmon consistently show remarkably enhanced growth associated with increased appetite and food consumption compared to non-transgenic wild-type (NT) coho salmon. To improve understanding of the mechanism by which GH overexpression mediates food intake and digestion in T fish, feed intake and gastric evacuation rate (over 7 days) were measured in size-matched T and NT coho salmon. T fish displayed greatly enhanced feed intake levels (~ 2.5-fold), and more than 3-fold increase in gastric evacuation rates relative to NT coho salmon. Despite the differences in feed intake, no differences were noted in the time taken from first ingestion of food to stomach evacuation between genotypes. These results indicate that enhanced feed intake is coupled with an overall increased processing rate to enhance energy intake by T fish. To further investigate the molecular basis of these responses, we examined the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of several genes in appetite- and gastric-regulation pathways (Agrp1, Bbs, Cart, Cck, Glp, Ghrelin, Grp, Leptin, Mc4r, Npy, and Pomc) by qPCR analyses in the brain (hypothalamus, preoptic area) and pituitary, and in peripheral tissues associated with digestion (liver, stomach, intestine, and adipose tissue). Significant increases in mRNA levels were found for Agrp1 in the preoptic area (POA) of the brain, and Grp and Pomc in pituitary for T coho salmon relative to NT. Mch and Npy showed significantly lower mRNA levels than NT fish in all brain tissues examined across all time-points after feeding. Mc4r and Cart for T showed significantly lower mRNA levels than NT in the POA and hypothalamus, respectively. In the case of peripheral tissues, T fish had lower mRNA levels of Glp and Leptin than NT fish in the intestine and adipose tissue, respectively. Grp, Cck, Bbs, Glp, and Leptin in stomach, adipose tissue, and/or intestine showed significant differences across the time-points after feeding, but Ghrelin showed no significant difference between T and NT fish in all tested tissues.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Breanna Watson for assistance during tissue sampling and the Canadian Regulatory System for Biotechnology, and Korea Polar Research Institute (PE17080) for support.

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  1. Jin-Hyoung Kim

    Present address: Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, 26, Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea

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  1. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Centre for Aquaculture and Environmental Research, 4160 Marine Drive, West Vancouver, BC, Canada

    Jin-Hyoung Kim, Michelle T. Crown, Samantha L. White & Robert H. Devlin

  2. Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Phaholyothin Road, Bangkok, Thailand

    Satid Chatchaiphan

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All experimental procedures were carried out in compliance with the Canadian Council for Animal Care guidelines and were approved by the DFO Pacific Region Animal Care Committee.

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Kim, JH., Chatchaiphan, S., Crown, M.T. et al. Effect of growth hormone overexpression on gastric evacuation rate in coho salmon. Fish Physiol Biochem 44, 119–135 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-017-0418-4

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