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Effects of temperature on specific dynamic action in Atlantic cod Gadus morhua

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Abstract

Growth requires that energy is directed towards ingestion, digestion, absorption and assimilation of a meal; energy expenditures are often expressed as the specific dynamic action (SDA). While SDA is an important part of fish energy budgets and strongly affected by water temperature, temperature effects are not known across a wide temperature range in Atlantic cod Gadus morhua. The objective of this study was to examine effects of temperature (2, 5, 10, 15 or 20 °C) on the energetic cost and time used for SDA in juvenile G. morhua by intermittent flow respirometry. At each temperature, G. morhua were fed a meal of herring (Clupea harengus) corresponding to 5 % of the body mass. Standard metabolic rates measured pre-feeding and post-feeding metabolic rates were measured to determine SDA. The study showed that SDA coefficients (%, SDA energy divided by meal energy) were significantly lower at 2 and 10 °C (5.4–6.3 %) compared to 5, 15 and 20 °C (10.4–12.4 %), while SDA duration increased significantly from 80 h at 10 °C to 130–160 h at 2, 15 and 20 °C and reached a maximum of 250 h at 5 °C. The significant decrease in SDA duration at 10 °C combined with a low SDA coefficient suggests that water temperatures close to 10 °C may represent the optimum temperatures for SDA in this population of G. morhua. Our results suggest that SDA is not a simple function of temperature, but may vary with temperature in a more complex fashion.

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Acknowledgments

This study was part of the project SUNFISH (sustainable fisheries, climate change and the North Sea ecosystem), and financially supported by the Danish Council for Strategic Research [Grant Number 09-063096] and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen [Grant Number 102-0218/11-5550]. Jon Christian Svendsen was supported by the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) in Portugal (Grant Number SFRH/BPD/89473/2012). We thank an anonymous reviewer for helpful and constructive comments on an earlier version of the manuscript.

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  1. Marine Biological Section, Biological Institute, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, 3000, Helsingør, Denmark

    Bjørn Tirsgaard & John Fleng Steffensen

  2. Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal

    Jon Christian Svendsen

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  1. Bjørn Tirsgaard
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Tirsgaard, B., Svendsen, J.C. & Steffensen, J.F. Effects of temperature on specific dynamic action in Atlantic cod Gadus morhua . Fish Physiol Biochem 41, 41–50 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-014-0004-y

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