Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Analysis of urban heat island effect in Visakhapatnam, India, using multi-temporal satellite imagery: causes and possible remedies

  • Published:
Environment, Development and Sustainability Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The thermal data sets of Landsat for the years 2014 and 2019 are used to assess the transients of land surface temperature (LST) in Visakhapatnam, India. The variation in estimated temperature fields is compared with the land use pattern to validate temperature with reference to land use land cover (LULC). During the considered period, the built-up area in the study region increased by 63%. The aerial extent of water bodies has come down by 12.5%, and there is a significant drop in vegetation cover. The LST of the regions with the densely built-up area is high compared to the other types of land use. A mean rise of 4.8 °C in the LST has been noticed over the study area during this period. Few monitoring points representing rural areas within the proximity of the study region have been established, and the LST is monitored explicitly. As a result, it has been observed that the temperature in rural areas is relatively lower than the city region, which confirms the urban heat island effect. A micro-level study has been conducted by dividing the study area into four zones as per administrative boundaries. Statistical analysis using the zonal attributes affirms a positive correlation of 0.55 between LST and the built-up area. In contrast, a negative correlation of 0.52 between LST and vegetation cover is observed. The LULC results are validated using Google Earth Images captured at a finer resolution. Being selected as one of the cities under the smart city mission by the Urban Development Ministry of Govt. of India, it is expected that the land use pattern in Visakhapatnam will change drastically in the coming years. The findings of this study foster the relationship between LST and LULC, and the conclusions thus drawn would help planners for the sustainable development of Visakhapatnam.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig.1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig.4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS.

  2. https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/.

  3. https://www.usgs.gov/land-resources/nli/landsat/landsat-8.

References

  • Ahmed, H. A., Singh, S. K., Kumar, M., Maina, M. S., Dzwairo, R., & Lal, D. (2020). Impact of urbanization and land cover change on urban climate: Case study of Nigeria. Urban Climate, 32, 100600.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amirtham, L. R. (2016). Urbanization and its impact on urban heat Island intensity in Chennai metropolitan area, India. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(5), 1–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bokaie, M., Zarkesh, M. K., Arasteh, P. D., & Hosseini, A. (2016). Assessment of urban heat island based on the relationship between land surface temperature and land use/land cover in Tehran. Sustainable Cities and Society, 23, 94–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borbora, J., & Das, A. K. (2014). Summertime urban heat island study for Guwahati city, India. Sustainable Cities and Society, 11, 61–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buyantuyev, A., & Wu, J. (2010). Urban heat islands and landscape heterogeneity: Linking spatiotemporal variations in surface temperatures to land-cover and socioeconomic patterns. Landscape ecology, 25(1), 17–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Camilloni, I., & Barros, V. (1997). On the urban heat island effect dependence on temperature trends. Climatic Change, 37(4), 665–681.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deilami, K., Kamruzzaman, M., & Hayes, J. F. (2016). Correlation or causality between land cover patterns and the urban heat island effect? Evidence from Brisbane Australia. Remote Sensing, 8(9), 716.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deosthali, V. (2000). Impact of rapid urban growth on heat and moisture islands in Pune City India. Atmospheric Environment, 34(17), 2745–2754.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Estoque, R. C., Murayama, Y., & Myint, S. W. (2017). Effects of landscape composition and pattern on land surface temperature: An urban heat island study in the megacities of Southeast Asia. Science of the Total Environment, 577, 349–359.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, Q., Huang, J., Yang, X., Fang, C., & Liang, Y. (2019). Quantifying the seasonal contribution of coupling urban land use types on Urban Heat Island using Land Contribution Index: A case study in Wuhan, China. Sustainable Cities and Society, 44, 666–675.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jiménez-Muñoz, J. C., Sobrino, J. A., Gillespie, A., Sabol, D., & Gustafson, W. T. (2006). Improved land surface emissivities over agricultural areas using ASTER NDVI. Remote Sensing of Environment, 103(4), 474–487.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Katsoulis, B. D., & Theoharatos, G. A. (1985). Indications of the urban heat island in Athens, Greece. Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology, 24(12), 1296–1302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kikon, N., Singh, P., Singh, S. K., & Vyas, A. (2016). Assessment of urban heat islands (UHI) of Noida City, India using multi-temporal satellite data. Sustainable Cities and Society, 22, 19–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kotharkar, R., & Surawar, M. (2016). Land use, land cover, and population density impact on the formation of canopy urban heat islands through traverse survey in the Nagpur urban area, India. Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 142(1), 04015003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, K. S., Bhaskar, P. U., & Padmakumari, K. (2012). Estimation of land surface temperature to study urban heat island effect using LANDSAT ETM+ image. International Journal of Engineering Science and technology, 4(2), 771–778.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, J. J., Wang, X. R., Wang, X. J., Ma, W. C., & Zhang, H. (2009). Remote sensing evaluation of urban heat island and its spatial pattern of the Shanghai metropolitan area China. Ecological Complexity, 6(4), 413–420.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, W., Cao, Q., Lang, K., & Wu, J. (2017). Linking potential heat source and sink to urban heat island: Heterogeneous effects of landscape pattern on land surface temperature. Science of the Total Environment, 586, 457–465.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mathew, A., Khandelwal, S., & Kaul, N. (2017). Investigating spatial and seasonal variations of urban heat island effect over Jaipur city and its relationship with vegetation, urbanization and elevation parameters. Sustainable Cities and Society, 35, 157–177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mohan, M., & Kandya, A. (2015). Impact of urbanization and land-use/land-cover change on diurnal temperature range: A case study of tropical urban airshed of India using remote sensing data. Science of the Total Environment, 506, 453–465.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mohan, M., Kandya, A., & Battiprolu, A. (2011). Urban heat island effect over national capital region of India: a study using the temperature trends. Journal of Environmental Protection, 2(04), 465.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Priyankara, P., Ranagalage, M., Dissanayake, D. M. S. L. B., Morimoto, T., & Murayama, Y. (2019). Spatial process of surface urban heat island in rapidly growing Seoul Metropolitan area for sustainable urban planning using landsat data (1996–2017). Climate, 7(9), 110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rizwan, A. M., Dennis, L. Y., & Chunho, L. I. U. (2008). A review on the generation, determination and mitigation of Urban Heat Island. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 20(1), 120–128.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shastri, S., Singh, P., Verma, P., Rai, P. K., & Singh, A. P. (2020). Land Cover Change Dynamics and their Impacts on Thermal Environment of Dadri Block, Gautam Budh Nagar India. Journal of Landscape Ecology, 13(2), 1–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shirani-Bidabadi, N., Nasrabadi, T., Faryadi, S., Larijani, A., & Roodposhti, M. S. (2019). Evaluating the spatial distribution and the intensity of urban heat island using remote sensing, case study of Isfahan city in Iran. Sustainable Cities and society, 45, 686–692.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, A. P., Chakrabarti, S., Kumar, S., & Singh, A. (2017). Assessment of air quality in Haora River basin using fuzzy multiple-attribute decision making techniques. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 189(8), 373.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, P., Kikon, N., & Verma, P. (2017). Impact of land use change and urbanization on urban heat island in Lucknow city, Central India. A remote sensing based estimate. Sustainable Cities and Society, 32, 100–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, S. K., Srivastava, P. K., Szabó, S., Petropoulos, G. P., Gupta, M., & Islam, T. (2017). Landscape transform and spatial metrics for mapping spatiotemporal land cover dynamics using Earth Observation data-sets. Geocarto international, 32(2), 113–127.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sisodia, P. S., Tiwari, V., & Kumar, A. (2014). Analysis of supervised maximum likelihood classification for remote sensing image. In: international conference on recent advances and innovations in engineering (ICRAIE-2014) (pp. 1–4). IEEE.

  • Streutker, D. R. (2002). A remote sensing study of the urban heat island of Houston Texas. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 23(13), 2595–2608.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sultana, S., & Satyanarayana, A. N. V. (2020). Assessment of urbanisation and urban heat island intensities using landsat imageries during 2000–2018 over a sub-tropical Indian City. Sustainable Cities and Society, 52, 101846.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swain, D., Roberts, G. J., Dash, J., Lekshmi, K., Vinoj, V., & Tripathy, S. (2017). Impact of rapid urbanization on the city of Bhubaneswar, India. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section A Physical Sciences, 87(4), 845–853.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, G., Sherin, A. P., Ansar, S., & Zachariah, E. J. (2014). Analysis of urban heat island in Kochi, India, using a modified local climate zone classification. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 21, 3–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Toy, S., & Yilmaz, S. (2010). Thermal sensation of people performing recreational activities in shadowy environment: a case study from Turkey. Theoretical and applied climatology, 101(3–4), 329–343.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • United Nations. (2018). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision. Population Division, United Nations: Highlights. Department of Economic and Social Affairs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Voogt, J. A., & Oke, T. R. (2003). Thermal remote sensing of urban climates. Remote sensing of environment, 86(3), 370–384.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, W. C., Zeng, Z., & Karl, T. R. (1990). Urban heat islands in China. Geophysical Research Letters, 17(13), 2377–2380.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weng, Q., Lu, D., & Schubring, J. (2004). Estimation of land surface temperature–vegetation abundance relationship for urban heat island studies. Remote sensing of Environment, 89(4), 467–483.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, Z., Witharana, C., Hurd, J., Wang, K., Hao, R., & Tong, S. (2020). Using Landsat 8 data to compare percent impervious surface area and normalized difference vegetation index as indicators of urban heat island effects in Connecticut, USA. Environmental Earth Sciences, 79(18), 1–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, H., Qi, Z. F., Ye, X. Y., Cai, Y. B., Ma, W. C., & Chen, M. N. (2013). Analysis of land use/land cover change, population shift, and their effects on spatiotemporal patterns of urban heat islands in metropolitan Shanghai, China. Applied Geography, 44, 121–133.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

Authors acknowledge the support provided by Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani in facilitating the resources.

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Engineering and Technology, BML Munjal University, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122413, India

    Harish Puppala

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India

    Ajit Pratap Singh

Authors
  1. Harish Puppala
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ajit Pratap Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Harish Puppala.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Puppala, H., Singh, A.P. Analysis of urban heat island effect in Visakhapatnam, India, using multi-temporal satellite imagery: causes and possible remedies. Environ Dev Sustain 23, 11475–11493 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-01122-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-01122-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation