Abstract
The PM2.5 (particulate matter with a diameter of fewer than 2.5 µm) has become a global topic in environmental science. The neural network that based on the non-linear regression algorithm, e.g., deep learning, is now believed to be one of the most facile and advanced approaches in PM2.5 concentration prediction. In this study, we proposed a PM2.5 predictor using deep learning as infrastructure and meteorological data as input, for predicting the next hour PM2.5 concentration in Beijing Aotizhongxin monitor point. We efficiently use the parameter’s spatiotemporal correlation by concatenating the dataset with time series. The predicted PM2.5 concentration was based on meteorology changes over a period. Therefore, the accuracy would increase with the period growing. By extracting the intrinsic features between meteorological and PM2.5 concentration, a fast and accurate prediction was carried out. The R square score reached maximum of 0.98 and remained an average of 0.9295 in the whole test. The average bias of the model is 9 μg on the validation set and 1 μg on the training set. Moreover, the differences between the predictions and expectations can be further regarded as the estimation for the emission change. Such results can provide scientific advice to supervisory and policy workers.
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Data availability
The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding authors upon reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
The scientific calculations in this paper have been done on the HPC Cloud Platform of Shandong University. The views and ideas expressed herein are solely those of the authors and do not represent the opinions of the funding agencies in any form. The views and ideas expressed herein are solely those of the authors.
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All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. YL and JM contributed equally to this work. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by YL, JM, CT, and NK. YL and JM wrote the first draft of the manuscript, and all authors commented on previous versions. DW: writing—review and editing, supervision. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Liang, Y., Ma, J., Tang, C. et al. Hourly forecasting on PM2.5 concentrations using a deep neural network with meteorology inputs. Environ Monit Assess 195, 1510 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-12081-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-12081-0