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Groundwater potential mapping in Trans Yamuna Region, Prayagraj, using combination of geospatial technologies and AHP method

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Abstract

In this study, the combination of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) was utilized to identify the Groundwater Potential Zones (GPZs) of the Trans-Yamuna region. The Groundwater Potential Zones (GPZ) were mapped by integrating drainage density, slope, geology, geomorphology, NDVI, lineament density, rainfall, soil types, land use & land cover, and topographic wetness index maps. For the prediction output to have a non-trivial degree of accuracy, multicollinearity tests were run before integrating the layers. Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), groundwater recharge-affecting parameters and classes of each parameter were scored. All thematic layers were integrated using weighted linear combination on a GIS platform to create a groundwater potential zone map. The outcomes of the model indicate that the research region exhibits three distinct groundwater potential zones, namely low (11.928%; 354.884 km2), moderate (76.44%; 2274.4 km2), and high (11.267%; 345.943 km2), in sequential sequence. These categories define the model’s output in descending order of how closely it matches the actual conditions. After that, a map removal sensitivity analysis was also executed and found that geology, geomorphology, lineament density and drainage density strongly influence the prediction model for groundwater potential zone identification. The reliability of the results is established by employing a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve for evaluation, which demonstrates a prediction accuracy of 81.3%. Authorities responsible for groundwater resource management can use this study’s findings to better inform future regulatory initiatives.

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Acknowledgements

The authors express their sincere gratitude to the anonymous reviewers for their invaluable comments, which significantly enhanced the quality and readability of the manuscript. They also appreciate the cooperation and valuable suggestions provided by the editor, whose support was instrumental in improving the work. Additionally, Swarnim and I.S. extend their heartfelt thanks to the University Grants Commission (U.G.C.), New Delhi, for awarding them Junior and Senior Research Fellowships, respectively.

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Swarnim and Irjesh Sonker thankfully acknowledge University Grants Commission (U.G.C.), New Delhi, for Junior and Senior Research Fellowship awarded to them, respectively.

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  1. Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211 002, India

    Swarnim, Jayant Nath Tripathi & Irjesh Sonker

  2. Applied Research Center for Environment and Marine Studies, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

    Surya Prakash Tiwari

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Jayant Nath Tripathi: Conceptualized the problem, resources and supervision;

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Swarnim, Tripathi, J.N., Sonker, I. et al. Groundwater potential mapping in Trans Yamuna Region, Prayagraj, using combination of geospatial technologies and AHP method. Environ Monit Assess 195, 1375 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11934-y

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