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Eutrophication assessment and environmental management perspectives of Tóbari: an arid subtropical coastal lagoon of the Gulf of California

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Abstract

Coastal lagoons are vulnerable to eutrophication processes. In this study, we evaluate the eutrophication process in the restricted, arid subtropical Tóbari coastal lagoon, located in the eastern coast of the Gulf of California, where the main source of nutrient inputs and other pollutants is agricultural wastewater from the Yaqui Valley. The Assessment of Estuarine Trophic Status (ASSETS) model and the Trophic State Index (TRIX) were used to evaluate eutrophication. Overall, ASSETS showed that the Tóbari lagoon has a moderate eutrophication process, with seasonal symptoms of hypoxia, increased phytoplankton biomass, dominance of macroalgae (indicative of nutrient enrichment), and blooms development of potentially harmful algae species. The TRIX showed that the lagoon is mesotrophic most of the year. Challenges of environmental management detected correspond to reducing the input of nutrients and others contaminants from anthropic sources: agriculture, shrimp farming, livestock, and urban zones.

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Data availability

The authors declare that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and its supplementary information files.

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Acknowledgements

At Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Gustavo Padilla, Andres Hernández, and Edgar Alcantara provided technical support during sampling, Refugio López provided water analysis, Amada Reyes and Maria Magdalena Villegas identified and quantified phytoplankton, and Edgar Alcantara prepared the maps of spatial variability. Elia Polanco prepared the map of Yaqui River Valley’s land use. Thelma Michelle Ruiz Ruiz was a recipient of a CONACYT student fellowship #511873. María Elena Sánchez edited the English language text.

Funding

This research was funded by the Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C., supported by projects 984–1 and 986–1.

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  1. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIB), Km 2.35 Camino Al Tular, Estero de Bacochibampo, 85454, Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico

    Thelma Michelle Ruiz-Ruiz & José Alfredo Arreola-Lizárraga

  2. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIB), Av. IPN 195, 23096, La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico

    Lourdes Morquecho

  3. Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur (UABCS), Carretera Al Sur Km 5.5, 23080, La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico

    Luz María Cruz-García

  4. Instituto Tecnológico del Valle del Yaqui (ITVY), Av. Tecnológico, Block 611, Valle del Yaqui, 85276, Bácum, Sonora, Mexico

    Jony R. Torres

  5. Universidad de Guadalajara (UdG), Gómez Farías 82, 48980, San Patricio Melaque, Jalisco, Mexico

    Ma. del Carmen Flores-Miranda

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Contributions

T.M.R.R.: Conceptualization, formal analysis, investigation, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing. L.M.: Formal analysis of phytoplankton, writing—review and editing. L.M.C.G.: Writing—review. J.R.T.V.: Writing—review. M.C.F.M.: Writing—review. J.A.A.L.: Conceptualization, formal analysis, resources, supervision, writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to José Alfredo Arreola-Lizárraga.

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Ruiz-Ruiz, T.M., Morquecho, L., Cruz-García, L.M. et al. Eutrophication assessment and environmental management perspectives of Tóbari: an arid subtropical coastal lagoon of the Gulf of California. Environ Monit Assess 195, 1049 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11638-3

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