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Conceptual model of a semi-arid coastal aquifer using hydrogeochemical seasonal variation and isotopic fingerprints in Tamoios, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Abstract

The present study focuses on the Tamoios aquifer (Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil), which is under pressure due to receiving a significant volume of urban runoff and sewage. The objective was based on a number of hydrogeochemical and isotope data to assess the aquifer functioning and establishing a conceptual model to evaluate the hydrogeochemical processes. The database consisted of groundwater samples (n = 20) and surface water samples (fluvial, lagoon, and seawater) (n = 4), analyzed for major and trace constituents plus 18O and 2H isotopes. Results demonstrate that most of the groundwater samples were classified as sodium-chloride type in the rainy season and magnesium-chloride type in the dry season. Ion ratios indicated the ion sources and chemical behavior. Groundwater remained with a relatively high salt content throughout the seasons, particularly in the samples from the southern portion of the aquifer. PHREEQC software simulations exposed dolomite and calcite in mostly undersaturated condition and halite subsaturated throughout the year. Hydrogeochemical behavior indicated the salt content in the groundwater was not related to a hypothetical saltwater intrusion and revealed a steady state condition for the groundwater interface. Groundwater samples have a similar isotopic signature and were likely influenced by evaporative effects, indicating a role for the existing ponds in aquifer recharge. Strong free surface evaporation effects, evapotranspiration, and drainage processes in the floodplains probably enhanced the high ionic concentration in the groundwater environment.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), the funding of research by Program of Support for Graduate Studies (PROAP), the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) and the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), for providing funds and infrastructure for this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Geosciences, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Hullysses Sabino

  2. Department of Geology, Institute of Geosciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Gerson C. Silva Jr

  3. Stable Isotopes Center, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil

    Vladimir E. Costa

  4. Department of Geoenvironmental Analysis, Institute of Geosciences, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Juliana Menezes

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Appendix

Appendix

Table 3 Content of the parameters analyzed in situ in the rainy and dry season. *ND, no data
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Table 4 Concentration of the main physical–chemical parameters of the samples from the rainy and dry season
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Table 5 Saturation Indexes of calcite, dolomite, and halite for groundwater in the rainy and dry season
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Sabino, H., Silva, G.C., Costa, V.E. et al. Conceptual model of a semi-arid coastal aquifer using hydrogeochemical seasonal variation and isotopic fingerprints in Tamoios, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Environ Monit Assess 195, 361 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-10913-7

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