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GIS-based landslide susceptibility zonation mapping using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method in parts of Kalimpong Region of Darjeeling Himalaya

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Abstract

Landslides are one the most destructive and life-endangering hazard in the Darjeeling Himalayan region and keeping in mind the interest of society and their future prospects identification of landslide potential areas is a very pertinent task in this area. Therefore, the present study aimed toward the landslide susceptibility zonation (LSZ) mapping in and around the Kalimpong region by applying Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method integrated with fifteen causative factors including slope, lineament, drainage density, land use land cover, relative relief, soil texture, lithology, elevation, aspect, thrust and faults, plan curvature, profile curvature, road network, topographic wetness index and stream power index. Tolerance and variance inflation factors with Pearson's correlation coefficient are used to assess potential collinearity among the selected factors, and subsequently, the final model has been constructed by enduring an acceptable consistency ratio (<0.10). Thereafter, to classify this region into very low, low, moderate, high and very high susceptible zones quantile, geometric interval, Jenk’s natural break and success rate curve (SRC) techniques are adopted to compare and check the optimum LSZ categorization. Considering the identified 647 landslides, Area Under Curve (AUC) of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve is used to gauge the best LSZ map. The AUC ROC shows SRC method (m = 0.9) yields the highest result, achieving a prediction accuracy of 79.5% and, therefore, is considered the most promising LSZ form for the present study area. The results obtained from the study highlight the spatial information of areas that may face slope instability and helps government agencies, stakeholders for drafting adequate measures due to absence of proper landslide early warning systems in this region.

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The datasets generated during and/or analyzed in this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Director, CSIR-Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee, India for granting permission to publish this work. The first author acknowledges University Grants Commission (New Delhi, India) for providing the fellowship under Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) Scheme [UGC-Ref. No. 3511/(NET-JULY 2018)] and AcSIR (Ghaziabad, India) for providing an opportunity to carry out this doctoral research.

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  1. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India

    Suvam Das, Shantanu Sarkar & Debi Prasanna Kanungo

  2. CSIR-Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee, 247667, India

    Suvam Das, Shantanu Sarkar & Debi Prasanna Kanungo

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Das, S., Sarkar, S. & Kanungo, D.P. GIS-based landslide susceptibility zonation mapping using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method in parts of Kalimpong Region of Darjeeling Himalaya. Environ Monit Assess 194, 234 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-09851-7

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